How is social development

measured?
Today, we will investigate what social
development is and how it changes over
time.
 Development vs. Social
• Development means Development
‘change’. Often, development is best
measured using wealth as an . The wealth of a country can
easily be compared using the of gross domestic product
(GDP). In 2016, according to the United Nations (UN) the
USA was the wealthiest country in the world.
• Social development is often much harder to measure.
This is because instead of using economic indicators,
which are often reliable, and inform us of the state of a
country’s economy, measuring social development
assesses how developed the people’s lives are within a
country or region.
• Just because a country has a large GDP, does not mean
that all the people within that country are also wealthy.
There may be regions where extreme poverty exists, or
where people have limited access to education. This is
 Task 1: Read pp. 98-99 and answer the
following questions:
1. What are the three different types of development?
2. What is the ‘development gap’?
3. What continent has the most ‘low income countries’? Challenge:
Think of 2 reasons why.
4. What is odd about the Brandt line?
5. Read the definition of Gross National Income. Give two ‘negatives’
of using money as a way to measure how ‘developed’ a country is.
6. How does the United Nations measure development? Challenge:
Explain why they use this.
 What is social
development?
Social development looks at the impact development has on people in a
country. It measures the quality of life in a country.
 Measuring social
development
What can we use to ‘measure’
the quality of someone’s life in
a country?

This is a bit harder than simply

looking at how much money a
country has…
Infant Mortality…
• Is it a good measurement?

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 Life Expectancy…
• Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the
average time an organism is expected to live,
based on the year of their birth, their current
age and other demographic factors including
sex.
• How will this link to social development???
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rtsbin.co
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356
Daily calorie intake
• The amount of food eaten by a single person on average.
There is a recommended daily calorie intake for an adult
which is not reached by many developing countries,
especially in rural areas.
Population per doctor
• The total population divided by the number of
doctors in the country. Example countries: UK = 300;
Mozambique = 33,333)
Changes to average life expectancy
• Since 1980, life expectancy has increased in almost every
country of the world, as shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9: Increases
in global life
expectancy, 1980-
2013
 Task 2: Read pp. 122-123 and answer the
following questions:
1. What do you understand by the term ‘social development’? Write
a definition in your own words. [2].
2. Describe the 7 factors can be used to measure social development.
You could make a mind map. Challenge: are there any that you
think could be added?
3. Explain why people use the term ‘continuum of social
development’ [4].
4. What does the Gender Development Index consider? Why is this
so important? Name some of the indicators it assesses.
5. Challenge: Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using the
Human Development Index to measure social development [8].
Sort these development indicators into a table in your
books

•Calorie intake
•Death rate
•Energy consumption Health Education Other
•Disease
•Literacy rate
•Birth rate
•Infant mortality rate (IMR)
•Access to basic amenities
•Access to education
•Average life expectancy
•Doctors per 1000 people
•Poverty
•Use of technology
•Level of equality between men and women
Complete a ranking list using the statements below about closing the
development gap. 1 = most important; 9 = least important.

● Reducing levels of poverty

● Increasing levels of wealth
● Bringing benefits to all, not just to the wealthiest in a society
● Reducing the gap between richest and poorest
● Creating equal status and rights for men and women
● Creating justice, freedom of speech and the right to vote (democracy) for
everyone
● Making everyone safe from conflict or terrorism
● Making sure that everyone has their basic needs of food, water and shelter
● Making sure every child has the right to a good standard of education and
actually gets it
What is the Human
Development Index?
The Human Development
Index is a figure that goes
from 0.001 (lowest LIC) to
0.999 (highest HIC).

It measures health,
education and living
standards.
Most developed countries in the world Least developed countries in the world
The Human Development Index is a composite
index which combines measures of life expectancy,
school enrolment, literacy and income. A high score
is an indicator of enhanced quality of life. The
maximum index is 1.
 Human Development Index (HDI)

The results of the UN Human Development

Index are closely correlated with GDP per
capita measure.
Human Development
Index (Well Being)
increases as Economic
well being Increases
 Average life Infant Male and Length of Mortality
expectancy mortality female hospital rates
rates literacy waiting
rates times

Fertility Male and Male and Percentage Employmen

rates female life female food of GDP t type
expectancy intake spent on
healthcare

What would be the characteristics

of a HIC and LIC?
Explain why infant mortality rates are low in many
European countries. (6marks)
Graph tasks:
Life Expectancy in India
Suggest three reasons why
India’s life expectancy has
increased.

1.

2.

3.

Social development follows a continuum. This means

that there should be a gradual change or improvement
over time.
India’s life expectancy is around 68 years old.
The UK was at this stage in 1948! Social
development has continued to improve in the
UK and it will India as well.
 Development Continuum?
What could cause
a decrease in life
expectancy?

This happened in
Zimbabwe
between 1990 and
2008.

Social development in countries is meant to keep on improving. However,

there are exceptions………………
Describe the pattern of the
number of poor and the
headcount ratio living on
less than $1.25 a day. (3)
 What is a Population
Pyramid?
Keywords
Gender – Male or female
Population Structure – Age, gender and numbers.
Population Pyramid – Graph shows population structure.
Economically Active – People who work (16 to 64 years old)
Dependants – People who don’t work (under 16 and over 64)
Population Pyramids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tuz6jyxRGSg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLmKfXwWQtE
Cut out the
pyramids, stick
them in and then
annotate the
features of each
one (the reasons
for their different
shapes).
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pulation-pyramid---dvc1/index.html

http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/
HTMLDocs/dvc219/pyramids/index.html
Population Pyramids
Population Pyramids Answer the following questions:
1. What age group is most common in the UK
2000 pyramid?
2. How many males and females are there in
this age group?
3. How long do some people live too in the UK
2000 pyramid?
4. What is the major difference between the UK
2000 and 2025 pyramid.
5. Which age group is most common in the
Mozambique 2000 pyramid?
6. Why do you think Mozambique has more
younger people than the UK?
7. What is the difference in life expectancy
between UK and Mozambique?
8. What is the major difference between the
Mozambique 2000 and 2025 pyramid?
 Create a 6 slide Powerpoint
Malawi extension: presentation that you
would use in a speech to an
international conference in
which you can explain how
Malawi’s trade hinders its
economic progress.
The path ahead…
1. Gender Inequality and getting girls into school
2. The Issue of Child Labour
3. The issue of migration from Africa and Asia and how countries deal with it (Italy, UK and
Germany.
4. The impact and responses to Malaria in Malawi
5. The impact and responses to HIV in Botswana