AGRI - Plant
Physiology
Plant
Movements:
Tropism
Asombrado, Kathlene Mae
Bilbao, Krystine Eve
BSA 2a2
Types Introduction
What is
TROPISM?
Tropisms or tropic movement are growth
movements in plants that are directed by
external stimuli, such as light, gravity,
touch, or water, resulting in either growth
towards or away from the stimulus.
Stimulu
s anything that can trigger a physical or
behavioral change.
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Types Introduction
Is it TROPISM or
not?
Mimosa pudica Venus fly trap
Types Introduction
Significance of
TROPISM
allows plants to Types of
adapt to their Tropism
• Phototropism
environment by
• Gravitropism
optimizing growth,
resource • Thigmotropism
acquisition (water, • Hydrotropis
light, nutrients), • Chemotropism
and survival. • Thermotropism
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Plant Hormones Definition
Plant Hormones
Plant hormones are
small molecules that
regulate plant
growth and
development at
extremely low
concentrations. Next
Plant Hormones Definition
Auxin
“auxein” means grow.
Was discovered by
Charles Darwin.
(IAA) Indole-3-acetic acid.
Stimulates cell elongation
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Plant Hormones Definition
Cytokinins
Are compounds
with a structure
resembling
adenine.
Promotes cell
division.
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Plant Hormones Definition
Ethylene
Regulates ripening of
climacteric fruits
Plays a role in fruit ripening,
senescence (aging), and
abscission (the shedding of
leaves or fruits).
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Plant Hormones Definition
Gibberellins
Stimulates stem
elongation by stimulating
cell division and
elongation.
Stimulates seed
germination
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Plant Hormones Definition
Abscisic Acid
Primarily involved in stress
responses, seed dormancy,
and stomatal closure.
Inhibits elongation.
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Phototrpism Types
PHOTOTROPI
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Phototropism Types
Phototropism
(light response)
Phototropism, derived from "photo"
(light) and "tropism" (turning)
Describes the phenomenon of
plants bending or orienting their
growth in response to the direction
of light.
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Geotropism Phototropism
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Geotropism Types
GEOTROPIS
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Thigmotropism Types
Geotropism
(gravity response)
Gravitropism is the directional
growth of a plant in response to
gravity.
A coordinated process of
differential growth by a plant in
response to gravity pulling on it.
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Thigmotropism Geotropism
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Thigmotropism Geotropism
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Thigmotropism Types
THIGMOTROPIS
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Hydrotropism Types
Thigmotropis
m
(touch response)
The growth movement of a plant
in response to a touch stimulus.
Directional growth response to
touch or mechanical contact, often
resulting in the plant organ curving
or clinging to the object
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Thigmotropism Geotropism
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Thigmotropism Types
HYDROTROPISM
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Hydrotropism Types
Hydrotropism
"Hydro" comes from the Greek word for
water, and it refers to anything related to
water. "Tropism" originates from the Greek
word tropos, meaning "to turn," and in
biology, it refers to a plant's directional
growth response to external stimuli.
Together, "hydrotropism" describes a
plant's growth movement toward water
sources.
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Hydrotropism Types
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Chemotropism Types
Chemotropism
Chemotropism, derived from "chemo-"
(chemical) and "-tropism" (turning), refers to
the directional growth or movement of
organisms in response to chemical signals.
Chemotropism is the growth or movement
of an organism, particularly a plant, in
response to a chemical stimulus, either
towards it (positive) or away from it Next
(negative).
Chemotropism Types
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Chemotropism Types
Thermotropism
Thermotropism is a plant's
directional growth or movement in
response to a temperature
gradient, meaning the plant's
organs move towards (engage) or
away from (avoid) a directional
temperature
Thermotropism, cue. derived from the
Greek "thermo" (heat) and "tropism"
(turning), is a type of tropism where
a temperature gradient influences
the orientation of plant growth or
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movement.
Chemotropism Types
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Tropism Type Hormone Role of Hormone
Phototropism (light) Auxins Auxins accumulate on the shaded side of
the plant, promoting cell elongation and
causing the plant to bend toward the
light.
Cytokinins Work in conjunction with auxins to
balance cell division and elongation.
Cytokinins may play a secondary role in
modulating growth.
Gibberellins Can enhance cell elongation, supporting
the bending toward light by promoting
growth.
Ethylene Has a minor role in modulating growth
responses, especially in older parts of
the plant.
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Gravitropism (gravity) Auxins In roots, auxins accumulate on the lower
side, inhibiting growth and causing the
root to bend downward (positive
gravitropism). In stems, auxins
accumulate on the lower side, promoting
growth and causing the stem to grow
upward (negative gravitropism).
Cytokinins Help regulate the distribution and effect
of auxins, balancing growth responses in
relation to gravity.
Gibberellins May influence stem elongation and
overall growth in response to gravity,
though auxins are the primary hormone
involved.
Abscisic Acid (ABA) Helps in response to environmental
stresses, such as in drought conditions,
which might indirectly influence
gravitropic responses by affecting growth
rates.
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Thigmotropism (touch) Ethylene Plays a significant role in mediating
responses to mechanical stimuli,
such as touch, leading to changes in
growth direction (e.g., coiling
around supports).
Auxins Auxins may be involved in the
asymmetrical growth response to
touch, promoting bending in
response to physical stimuli.
Cytokinins Can contribute to the regulation of
cell division, enhancing the plant’s
ability to respond to touch by
modifying growth patterns.
Gibberellins May support the elongation of cells
in response to mechanical contact,
though ethylene is more dominant
in thigmotropism.
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Chemotropism (chemicals) Auxins Auxins can direct root growth
toward or away from
chemicals (e.g., nutrients),
influencing plant behavior in
response to chemical
gradients.
Cytokinins Influence the growth and
division of cells, potentially
contributing to the plant’s
movement in response to
chemical gradients.
Gibberellins Could support overall growth
in response to nutrients or
chemical gradients, though
their role is secondary to
auxins.
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Thermotropism Auxins Auxins are redistributed in
response to temperature
gradients, causing differential
cell elongation that directs
growth toward or away from
the heat.
Gibberellins May contribute to the
elongation of cells in response
to temperature, though the
effect is secondary to auxins in
thermotropism.
Ethylene Ethylene may be involved in
stress responses to heat,
influencing growth patterns
and helping the plant protect
itself from overheating.
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Hydrotropism Auxin Promotes differential cell
elongation on the drier side,
enabling root bending.
Abscisic Acid Enhances root sensitivity to water
gradients; regulates stress
responses.
Cytokinins Modulate root growth and are
redistributed under moisture
gradients.
Ethylene Inhibits root elongation; fine-tunes
growth under stress.
Gibberellins Support general root elongation
but have a minor role in
directional growth.
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