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05-Data Processing

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3 views

05-Data Processing

Uploaded by

brightoneombeme46
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA PROCESSING

Data Processing
• What is data processing?
– Is a sequence of operations performed on data,
especially by a computer, in order to extract
information, reorder files, etc
– Includes the processing or storing of data by a
computer
– Data is a vital resource in an organization and
must be managed- hence the need for data
processing

• Data is of little value if it remains in the form of quantities


and numbers
Data Processing
Data processing explained
It is any operation or set of operations performed upon
data, whether or not by automatic means, such as
collection, recording, organization, storage, adaptation or
alteration to convert it into useful information.
Example of Data
• Names of students, marks obtained in the examination,
designation of employees, addresses, quantity, rate, sales
figures or anything that is input to the computer is data.
Even pictures, photographs, drawings, charts and maps
can be treated as data. Computer processes the data and
produces the output or result
Goals of Data processing

• Provide all the information needed to keep


the business running properly and efficiently.
• Provide timely documents and reports
• Provide data for other systems
Types of Data Processing
1. Manual Data Processing
 It uses a combination of manual procedures and
mechanical equipment
 It uses various devices such as typewriters, sorters,
calculators , collators , tabulators , duplicators and
verifiers.
 This method of data processing involves human
intervention. The manual process of data entry implies
many opportunities for errors, such as delays in data
capture, as every single data field has to be keyed in
manually, a high amount of operator misprints or typos,
high labor costs from the amount of manual labor
required. Manual processing also implies higher labor
expenses in regards to spending for equipment and
supplies, rent, etc.
Types of Data Processing

2. Electronic Data Processing


Here, different types of input , output and storage
devices may be interconnected to an electronic
computer to process data.
• EDP (electronic data processing) is the processing of data by a
computer and its programs in an environment involving
electronic communication.
• EDP evolved from "DP" (data processing), a term that was
created when most computing input was physically put into
the computer in punched card form or in ATM cards form
and output as punched cards or paper reports.
Types of Electronic Data Processing

Real time processing


• In a real time processing, there is a continual input,
process and output of data. Data has to be processed
in a small stipulated time period (real time),
otherwise it will create problems for the system.
For example, when a bank customer withdraws a
sum of money from his or her account it is vital that
the transaction be processed and the account
balance updated as soon as possible, allowing both
the bank and customer to keep track of funds.
• also called online
On-line transaction processing (OLTP) – happens
in realtime

• Is a system whereby each transaction is


processed immediately, without the delay of
accumulating transactions into a batch
– Real-time systems, immediate feedback
– Real-time Reports and databases updates
– Transactions are immediately processed
Types of Data Electronic Processing

Batch processing
Is a system whereby business transactions are
accumulated over a period of time and prepared for
processing as a single unit or batch
• In a batch processing group of transactions collected over
a period of time is collected, entered, processed and then
the batch results are produced. Batch processing requires
separate programs for input, process and output. It is an
efficient way of processing high volume of data.
For example: Payroll system, Examination system and
billing system.
Components of a Data Processing system
A computer system and associated personnel, that
performs input, processing storage, output and control
functions to accomplish a sequence on data.
• There are five basic components in a computer based
data processing system
 Machines – hardware
 Software-computer program defines a process to be carried out on
machine. A program consists of a sequence of statements or
commands written in some programming language.
 data
 Procedure- defines a process to be carried out by a person.
 and the people.
Processing Cycle
Elements/Activities of Data
Processing
collection
• Data Coding
• Data Editing/Cleaning/correction
• Data Validation
• Data Classification

Manipulation/document production
• Data Tabulation
• Statistical Analysis
• Computer graphics

Storage
• Data Warehousing
• Data Mining
Data Processing Cycle
• Do these steps represent a complete cycle?

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT


Computer Processing Operations
A computer can perform only the following
four operations which enable computers to carry out
the various data processing activities we have just
discussed.
1) Input operations
A computer can accept data (input) from and
supply processed data (output) to a wide range of
input/output devices. These devices such as
keyboards, display screens, and printers make
human-machine communication possible.
Data Processing Cycle
2) PROCESSING – The term processing denotes
the actual data manipulation techniques
such as classifying, sorting, calculating,
summarizing, comparing, etc. that
convert data into information
Data Processing Cycle
3)OUTPUT – -The main purpose of data processing is to get the required
result. Mostly, the output is stored on the storage media for later
user. In output step, following activities can be performed.
i)Storage/Retrieval
Output stored on the storage media can be retrieved at any time.
For example, result of students is prepared and stored on the disk. This
result can be retrieved when required for different purposes.
ii) Conversion
The generated output can be converted into different forms. For
example, it can be represented into graphical form.
iii) Communication
The generated output is sent to different places. For example,
weather forecast is prepared and. sent to different agencies and
newspapers etc. where it is required.

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