Code of Ethics

Institution of Engineers Sri Lanka

2nd February 2023

 Topics
 Ethics
 Engineering Institutions - Code of

Ethics
 IESL - Code of Ethics

 Case Studies

2
 ETHICS
The discipline dealing with what is good
and bad, and with moral duty and obligation

3
 Why have a Code of Ethics?

 to define accepted/acceptable behaviours;

 to promote high standards of practice;
 to provide a benchmark for members to use for
self evaluation;
 to establish a framework for professional
behaviour and responsibilities;
 as a vehicle for occupational identity;
 as a mark of occupational maturity.

4
 Some Engineering Codes of
Ethics / Conduct
 European Federation of National
Engineering Associations [FEANI]

 Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers [IEEE]

 American Society of Civil Engineers

[ASCE]

 Institution of Civil Engineers, UK [ICE]

5
 FEANI Code of Conduct
 Ethical Principle
 The decisions and actions of engineers have a
large impact on the environment and on
society. The engineering profession thus has an
obligation to ensure that it works in the public
interest and with regard for health, safety and
sustainability.
 Framework Statement
 National associations of engineers, and FEANI
with regard to EURING registrants, have codes of
conduct which have much in common and which
have the intent of implementing the above ethical
principle. As a result of this convergence the
European engineering profession as a whole can
make a universal statement regarding the
conduct of professional engineers.
6
 FEANI Code of Conduct
Individual engineers have a personal obligation to act with integrity, in
the public interest, and to exercise all reasonable skill and care in
carrying out their work.
In so doing engineers:

Shall maintain their relevant competences at the necessary
level and only undertake tasks for which they are competent

Shall not misrepresent their educational qualifications or
professional titles

Shall provide impartial analysis and judgement to employer or
clients, avoid conflicts of interest, and observe proper duties of
confidentiality

Shall carry out their tasks so as to prevent avoidable danger
to health and safety, and prevent avoidable adverse impact
on the environment

Shall accept appropriate responsibility for their work and that
carried out under their supervision

Shall respect the personal rights of people with whom they work
and the legal and cultural values of the societies in which they carry
out assignments

Shall be prepared to contribute to public debate on matters of
technical understanding in fields in which they are competent to
comment
7
 FEANI Code of Conduct
Codes of Conduct

 The pan-European statement on engineering

ethics and conduct presented above is best
implemented through the codes issued by
national engineering associations.

 These codes can, and in general already do,

incorporate the listed objectives in a form which
reflects national circumstances and allow
additional objectives to be added as required by
national practice.
8
ICE Code of Professional Conduct
 1. All members shall discharge their
professional duties with integrity and shall
behave with integrity in relation to all conduct
bearing upon the standing, reputation and
dignity of the Institution and of the profession
of civil engineering.
 2. All members shall only undertake work that
they are competent to do.
 3. All members shall have full regard for the
public interest, particularly in relation to
matters of health and safety, and in relation
to the well-being of future generations .
9
 ICE Code of Professional Conduct
 4. All members shall show due regard for
the environment and for the sustainable
management of natural resources.

 5. All members shall develop their

professional knowledge, skills and
competence on a continuing basis and
shall give all reasonable assistance to
further the education, training and
continuing professional development of
others.
10
ICE Code of Professional Conduct

 6. All members shall:

 a. notify the Institution if
convicted of a criminal offence;
 b. notify the Institution upon
becoming bankrupt or disqualified
as a Company Director;
 c. notify the Institution of any
significant breach of the Rules of
Professional Conduct by another
member
11
 IEEE Code of Ethics
We, the members of the IEEE, in recognition of the importance of our
technologies in affecting the quality of life throughout the
world, and in accepting a personal obligation to our profession, its
members and the communities we serve, do hereby commit
ourselves to the highest ethical and professional conduct and agree:
to accept responsibility in making decisions consistent with the
safety, health and welfare of the public, and to disclose promptly
factors that might endanger the public or the environment;

to avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible,

and to disclose them to affected parties when they do exist;

to be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on

available data;
 to reject bribery in all its forms;

to improve the understanding of technology, its appropriate

application, and potential consequences;

12
 IEEE Code of Ethics

to maintain and improve our technical competence
and to undertake technological tasks for others only if
qualified by training or experience, or after full
disclosure of pertinent limitations;


to seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of
technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors,
and to credit properly the contributions of others;


to treat fairly all persons regardless of such factors
as race, religion, gender, disability, age, or national
origin;


to avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or
employment by false or malicious action;


to assist colleagues and co-workers in their
professional development and to support them in
following this code of ethics.
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 American Society of Civil Engineers

Fundamental Principles
Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honour
and dignity of the engineering profession by:

 using their knowledge and skill for the

enhancement of human welfare;
 being honest and impartial and serving with
fidelity the public, their employers and clients;
 striving to increase the competence and
prestige of the engineering profession; and
 supporting the professional and technical
societies of their disciplines.
14
 American Society of Civil Engineers
 Fundamental Canons
 Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and
welfare of the public in the performance of their
professional duties.
 Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their
competence.
 Engineers shall issue public statements only in a
subjective and truthful manner.
 Engineers shall act in professional matters for each
employer or client as faithful agents or trustees, and shall
avoid conflicts of interest.
 Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the
merit of their services and shall not compete unfairly with
others.
 Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and
enhance the honor, integrity, and dignity of the
engineering profession.
 Engineers shall continue their professional development
throughout their careers, and shall provide opportunities
for the professional development of those engineers
under their supervision.
15
 IESL CODE OF ETHICS
1. Engineers shall hold paramount the
safety, health and welfare of the public
and proper utilization of funds in the
performance of their professional duties.
It shall take precedence over their
responsibility to the profession, to
sectional or private interests, employers
or to other engineers. [FEANI, ICE, ASCE,
IEEE]

2. Engineers shall always act in such a

manner as to uphold and enhance the
honour, integrity and dignity of the
profession while safe-guarding public
interest at all times. [ICE, ASCE] 16
 IESL CODE OF ETHICS (contd.)
3. Engineers shall be committed to the need for
sustainable management of the planet’s
resources and seek to minimize adverse
environmental impacts of their engineering
works or applications of technology so as to
protect both present and future generations .
[FEANI, ICE, ASCE, IEEE]

4. Engineers shall build their reputation on

merit and shall not compete unfairly.
[ASCE, ]

5. Engineers shall perform professional services

only in the areas of their competence. .
[FEANI, ICE, ASCE, IEEE]
17
 18

IESL CODE OF ETHICS (contd.)

6. Engineers shall apply their skills and knowledge in the
interest of their employer or client for whom they shall
act, in professional matters, as faithful agents or
trustees, so far as they do not conflict with the other
requirements listed here and the general public
interest [FEANI, IEEE]

7. Engineers shall give evidence, express opinions or

make statements in an objective and truthful manner
[FEANI, IEEE]

8. Engineers shall continue their professional

development throughout their careers and shall
actively assist and encourage engineers under their
direction to advance their knowledge and
experience. . [FEANI, ICE, ASCE, IEEE]
.
IESL CODE OF ETHICS

19
 Clause 1
20

. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety,

health and welfare of the public and proper
utilization of the funds and other resources in the
performance of their professional duties. It shall
take precedence over their responsibility to the
profession, sectional private interests, employers or to
other engineers [THE PEOPLE]
As the first requirement places the interests of the community above all others,
Engineers

1.1 shall be objective and truthful in professional reports,

statements or testimony. They shall include all relevant and
pertinent information in such reports, statements or testimony.
{TRUTH}

1.2 shall endeavour at all times to maintain engineering services

essential to public welfare. {SERVICE TO THE PUBLIC}

1.3 shall work in conformity with recognised engineering

standards so as not to jeopardise the public welfare, health or
safety. {STANDARDS}
 Clause 1
1.4 shall not participate in assignments that would create
conflict of interest between their (engineers) clients
/employers and the public and shall advise the client of
their (engineers) concerns. {CONFLICT OF

INTEREST}
16

1.5 shall, in the event of their judgement being over-ruled in

matters pertaining to welfare, health or safety of the
community, inform their (engineers) clients or
employers of the possible consequences and bring to
their (clients) notice their (Engineers) obligations as
professionals to inform the relevant authority
{CONVICTION}

1.6 shall contribute to public discussion on engineering

matters in their areas of competence, if they consider
that by so doing they can constructively advance the
well-being of the community .{ADVISE}
21
 Clause 1 (contd.) 22

1.7 having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code

shall co-operate with the proper authorities in furnishing
such information or assistance as may be required .
{WHISTLE BLOWING}

1.8 shall not knowingly participate in any act which will

result in waste or misappropriation of public funds.
{DISHONESTY}

1.9 Shall actively contribute to the well being of society

and, when involved, in any engineering project or
application of technology, shall, where appropriate,
recognize the need to identify, inform and consult
affected parties to help resolve problems involved.
{DIALOGUE]
 23

CA SEEKS TO PLEASE SEC WHO WANTS AUDIT FIRM$

TO WHISTLE - BLOW

CA to incorporate ‘whistle-blowing‘ into Ethics Code –

The Institute of Chartered Accountants Sri Lanka (CA) plans

to incorporate a 'whistle-blowing' element into its Ethics Code,
a follow up to the Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) saying recently that it wants audit firms to whistle-blow
as and when they come across 'anything unusual' in listed
firms they audit. "We want to look at fulfilling the expectations
of the regulator by incorporating these elements in our Code'
of Ethics,” President CA told the Business Times . He added
that legislative action can be counter productive as it can be
defensive and this (ethics code inclusion) is one way to
accommodate progressive reforms.
 24

Clause 2
Engineers shall always act in such a manner as to
uphold and enhance the honour, integrity and
dignity of the professional while safeguarding public
interest at all times. [HONOUR OF THE PROFESSION]

This requires that the profession should endeavour by its

behaviour to merit the highest esteem of the community. It
follows therefore that engineers-

2.1 shall not involve themselves with any business or

professional practice which they know to be fraudulent or
dishonest in nature. {DISHONESTY}

2.2 shall not use association with other persons, corporations

or partnerships to conceal unethical acts.
{ASSOCIATIONS}

2.3 shall not continue in partnership with, or act in

professional matters with any engineer who has been
removed from membership of this Institution because of
improper conduct. {INTEGRITY}
 Clause 2 (contd.)
2.4 shall promote the principle engagement of
engineers on the basis of merit {MERIT}

2.5 shall uphold the principle of adequate &

appropriate remuneration for professional
engineering staff in keeping with their
qualifications and market price
{RECOGNITION}

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 26

Clause 3
Engineers shall be committed to the need for
sustainable management of the planet’s resources
and seek to minimize adverse environmental impacts
of their engineering works or applications of
technology so as to protect both present and future
generations. [SUSTAINABILITY]
To this end engineers –
3.1 shall carefully evaluate adverse environmental impacts and
incorporate practical remedial measures to minimize them.
{ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION}

3.2 shall consider theoretical, legislative, regulatory and policy

aspects of environmental protection and sustainable
management of the available resources.
{ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION}

3.3 Shall work in close co-operation with members of other

professions and disciplines on achieving sustainable
development {CO-OPERATION}
 Clause 3 (contd.)
3.4 shall critically analyze how the proposed project or
the application of technology relates to sustainability
considerations. {ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

3.5 shall identify and assess options for material

recovery and disposal. {MINIMIZE/ REUSE OF
WASTE & SAFE DISPOSAL}

3.6 shall analyze opportunities for resource and energy

conservation and, design appropriately optimized
systems. {CONSERVATION}

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 Clause 4
28

Engineers shall build their reputation on merit and shall

not compete unfairly. [OWN ACHIEVEMENTS]

This requirement is to ensure that engineers shall not seek to

gain a benefit by improper means. It follows that engineers-

4.1 shall neither pay nor offer, directly or indirectly, inducements

including political contributions. {BRIBERY}

4.2 shall not attempt to supplant another engineer, employed or

consulting, who has been appointed. {“UNDER CUTTING”}

4.3 shall neither falsify nor misrepresent their own or their

associate’s qualifications, experience and prior responsibilities.
{MISREPRESENTATION}

4.4 shall not maliciously do anything to injure, directly or

indirectly, the reputation, prospects or business of others.
{MALICIOUS TALK}
 29

Clause 4 (contd.)
4.5 shall not use the advantage of a privileged position to compete
unfairly with other engineers. {CONNECTIONS}

4.6 shall exercise due restraint in explaining their own work and
shall refrain from unfair criticism of the work of other
engineers. {MODESTY}

4.7 shall give proper credit for professional work to those to whom
credit is due and acknowledge the contribution of subordinates
and others. {ACKNOWLEDGE}

4.8 shall not resort to any type of plagiarism in their works

{HONESTY}

4.9 shall act with due regards to Intellectual Property Rights of

others in their works {ACKNOWLEDGE}

4.10 shall not engage in unfair competition , including charging of

extremely high or low professional fees compared to market
rates, in delivering professional services. {HONESTY}
 What is Plagiarism?
 To “plagiarise” is to :
 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another)
as one's own
 to use (another's production) without crediting the
source
 to commit literary theft
 to present as new and original an idea or product
derived from an existing source

 In other words, plagiarism is an act of

fraud.
 It involves both stealing someone else's
work and lying about it afterwards 30
 Clause 5
Engineers shall perform professional services only
in the areas of their competence. [SPECIALIZATIONS]

To this end engineers-

5.1 shall undertake assignments only when qualified by

education and experience in the specific technical fields
involved. If an assignment requires qualifications and
experience outside their fields of competence they shall
engage competent professionals with necessary
qualifications and experience and keep the employers and
clients informed of such arrangements. {COMPETENCE}

5.2 shall not affix their signature to any plans or documents

dealing with subject matter in which they lack competence,
or to any plan or document not prepared under their
direction or control. {HONESTY}

31
 32

Clause 6
Engineers shall apply their skills and knowledge in the
interest of their employer or client for whom they shall
act, in professional matters, as faithful agents or
trustees, so far as they do not conflict with the other
requirements listed here and the general public
interest. [LOYALTY]
It follows that engineers-

6.1 shall at all times avoid all known or potential conflicts of

interest. They should keep their employers or clients fully
informed on all matters, including financial interests, which
could lead to such a conflict, and in no circumstances should
they participate in any decision which could involve them in
conflict of interest. {LOYALTY}

6.2 shall when acting as administrators of a contract be impartial

as between the parties in the interpretation of the contract.
This requirement of impartially shall not diminish the duty of
engineers to apply their skill and knowledge in the interests of
their employers or clients. {NEUTRALITY}

6.3 shall not accept compensation, financial or otherwise from

more than one party for services on the same project, unless
the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to, by all
interested parties. {GRATUITY}
 Clause 6 (contd.)
33

6.4 shall neither solicit nor accept financial or other valuable

consideration, including free engineering designs, from
material or equipment suppliers for specifying their
products (except such designs obtained with the
knowledge and consent of the employer or client).
{INTEGRITY}

6.5 shall neither solicit nor accept gratuities, directly or

indirectly from contractors or their agents, or other parties
dealing with their clients or employers in connection with
work for which they are responsible. {BRIBERY}

6.6 Shall not accept a commission, fee, reward or other

benefit from a third party, while advising a client .
{BRIBERY}

6.7 shall advise their clients or employers when as a result of

their studies they believe that a project will not be viable.
(CONVICTION}
 Clause 6 (contd.)
6.8 shall neither disclose nor use confidential information
gained in the course of their employment without
express permission (except where public interest
and safety are involved). {CONFIDENTIALITY}

6.9 shall not complete, sign, or seal plans an/or

specifications that are not of a design safe to the
public health and welfare and in conformity with
accepted engineering standards. If the client or
employer insists on such unprofessional conduct,
they shall notify the proper authorities and withdraw
from further service on the project. {INTEGRITY}

34
 Clause 7
Engineers shall give evidence, express opinions
or make statements in an objective and truthful
manner. [THRUTHFUL]
It follows that-

7.1 engineers’ professional reports, statements or

testimony before any tribunal shall be objective and
such opinions shall be expressed only on the basis of
adequate knowledge and technical competence in the
area, but this does not preclude a considered
judgement based intuitively on experience and wide
relevant knowledge. {PRECISE, KNOWLEDGABLE}

7.2 engineers shall reveal the existence of any interest,

pecuniary or otherwise that could be taken to effect
their judgement in a technical matter about which
they are making a statement or giving evidence.
{HONESTY} 35
 Clause 8
Engineers shall continue their professional development
throughout their careers and shall actively assist and
encourage engineers under their direction to advance
their knowledge and experience. [CPD]

The requirement here is that engineers shall strive to widen

their knowledge and improve their skill in order to achieve a
continuing improvement of the profession. It follows therefore
that engineers-

8.1 shall encourage their professional employees and

subordinates to further their education, {LIFE-LONG
LEARNING}

8.2 shall take a positive interest in and encourage their fellow

engineers actively to support the Institution and other
professional engineering bodies which further the general 36
interest of the profession. [INVOLVEMENT}
 37

SUMMARY
 The IESL Code of Ethics expects the Engineer to :

1. Primarily be concerned about People

2. Uphold the Honour of the Profession
3. Ensure that they practice Environmental
Sustainability
4. To develop their reputation through their
own Achievements
5. Practice only in their areas of
Specialization
6. Be Loyal to their employers
7. Be Truthful in reporting
8. Be involved in Lifelong Learning
38
CASE STUDIES

39
EXCELLENCY BUILDING
COLLAPSE

40
 The Excellency building collapse
 On the 18th May 2017, a building named the
“Excellency” situated on Charlemont Road, behind the
Savoy Cinema, collapsed. It was reported that 2
persons were killed and over 25 hospitalized.

 In 2009 approval was obtained to build a four storey

[2B+G+1] building, with two basement car parks and
ground & first floor Reception Halls.

 From analysis of pre-collapse photographs and visual

examination of the collapsed building, it would appear
that three additional floors had been added at the front
of the building and two additional floor at the rear of
the building. 41
 The Excellency building collapse
 The Structural designer, who had been introduced to the
Owner by the Architect, was NOT a Chartered Engineer.

 POSSIBLE REASONS FOR FAILURE:

 Due to increased dead-weight of additional floors
 Due to inadequate capacity of foundation
 Due to dead-load due to construction materials stored on
upper floors
 Due to lack of competence of the Structural Designer*

 *The Structural designer, was NOT a Chartered Engineer.

42
 The Excellency building collapse
 ETHICAL ISSUES:
 Client illegally adding floors, without due
consideration of the level of risk and the safety of
life and property
 Corporate goals over-riding technical requirements
 Engineer acting beyond his level of competence
and experience
 Contractor undertaking work that apparently had
not been authorized and approved by the Local
Authority
 Lack of monitoring of project by Local Authority:
probable corrruption 43
44
THE CASE OF THE “KILLER” ROBOT

45
 THE CASE OF THE “KILLER” ROBOT
 On May 17, 1992 a Silicon Techtronics Robbie CX30
industrial robot killed its operator, Bart Matthews, at
Cybernetics, Inc., in Silicon Valley.

 An investigation into the cause of the accident led

authorities to the conclusion that a software module,
written and developed by Randy Samuels, a Silicon
Techtronics programmer, was responsible for the
erratic and violent robot behavior which in turn lead to
the death by decapitation of Bart Matthews.

 Randy Samuels was charged with man-slaughter by the

County of Silicon Valley
46
THE CASE OF THE “KILLER” ROBOT
 Investigations into the incident revealed that:
 The company Techtronics, the designers of Robbie [CX30] robot
were financially unstable,
 Needed to successfully complete the CX30, to redeem their
reputation,
 Pressurized the staff to rush through project, to the extent of taking
“short cuts” and ignoring established procures for checking and
verifying
 Randy Samuels’ expertise lay in specifications and computations;
he was not a Programmer
 He used software without proper authorization
 An associate developed fraudulent software test to ensure
compliance with quality assurance procedures of the software
programme written by Randy Samuels

47
 THE CASE OF THE “KILLER” ROBOT
 The Association for Computing Machinery [ACM]. States that ACM
members have the:
 general moral imperative to contribute to society and human well-
being,
 to avoid harm to others,
 to be honest and trustworthy,
 to give proper credit for intellectual property,
 to access computing and communication resources only when
authorized to do so,
 to respect the privacy of others and to honor confidentiality.

 Several people involved were ACM members and there is cause to

believe that they acted in violation of the ACM’s code of ethics.
 The ACM investigated ACM members who might be in gross
violation of e code as “…..the killer robot incident has not only cost
a human life, but it has done much to damage the reputation of 48

the computing profession.”

THE CASE OF THE “KILLER” ROBOT
 Ethical Issues:
 At Corporate level, violation of Professional Ethics by:
 Disregarding Standards and Procedures
 Endangering life and property by failing to do a
comprehensive and thorough evaluations of computing
systems and their impacts, with special emphasis on
possible risks.
 Disregarding safety to meet corporate targets
 Bringing disrepute to the Profession [i.e. ACM] through
negligence

 At Personal level, violation of Professional Ethics by:

 Doing work in areas outside one’s competence
 Falsifying information and procedures to hide and
misrepresent the actual situation
49
THE RMS TITANIC

50
 THE RMS TITANIC
 The RMS Titanic was the largest and most luxurious ship built at that time, and because of its
superior design and engineering features was considered to be “unsinkable”.
 On its maiden voyage to New York from England, it struck an iceberg that was many times larger
than its own mass, damaging the hull, so that the six forward compartments were ruptured.
 The flooding of these compartments caused the ship to sink within 2 hr and 40 min, with a loss of
more than 1,500 lives.
 Competition for Atlantic passengers was fierce and the ship’s owners wanted to make a six-day
crossing, which would be the fastest time. To do this the ship could not slow down and it is believed
that the Captain was pressurized to maintain the maximum of speed of 21.5 knots [40 kph]
 In the two days after leaving England, the Captain and received seven iceberg warnings from his
crew and other ships, which he ignored.
 If he had called for the ship to slow down and strengthened the look-out, then maybe the Titanic
disaster would not have happened

51
 THE RMS TITANIC
 The belief that the ship was unsinkable was due to the fact that
the Titanic had sixteen watertight compartments (bulkheads ),
with electrically operated watertight doors, that extended from the
ship's double bottom through four or five of her nine decks and
were said to make the ship "unsinkable”
 They divide the ship into watertight compartments which prevents
seeping of water to other parts of the ship in case the hull is
broken. They provide maximum safety in times of flooding or
damage of hull.
 However, the compartments did not reach as high as they should
have done, because the owners did not want them to go all the
way up because this would have reduced living space in first class
cabins.
 If the marine architect, who designed the ship, had insisted on
making them the correct height then maybe the integrity of the
watertight compartments would have been ensured.
52
RMS TITANIC – Safety Lapses
 The total capacity of the Titanic was 3,547 including crew.
 The legal requirement of lifeboats was measured on the weight
of the ship and not on the number of passengers.
 The Titanic was designed for 32 lifeboats, but only carried 20
lifeboats, enough for 1,300 people although there were 2,208 on
board.
 The 32 lifeboats were reduced to 20 because it was felt that the
deck would be too cluttered and spoil the aesthetics of the
Titanic.
 In loading the lifeboats the crew did not follow the British
maritime tradition (Birkenhead) of “women and children first”.
They discriminated by loading by class, resulting in 76% of the
3rd Class cabin passengers dying, and not loading the lifeboats
to their full capacity of 65, most being only partially full.
 Finally there were only 706 survivors.

53
RMS TITANIC – Ethical Issues
Failure to safe-guard LIFE and PROPERTY
 Reduction of lifeboats from designed amount of 32 to 20
 Modifying the design of the 16 watertight compartments so
partitions were not at full height
 Forcing the Captain to somehow complete the crossing in six
days, encouraging him to run at the maximum speed at all time.

The failure of the Marine Architect/Designer, to

“WHISTLE BLOW” :
 To make public WSLC’s non-compliance with Board of Trade’s
prescribed number of lifeboats.
 Non-disclosure of WSLC’s change of the watertight
compartments, which could pose a major risk

54
RMS TITANIC – Ethical Issues
The indifference of the crew to the SAFETY of
the passengers:
 Not abiding be the established tradition of the British
Maritime services that “women and children are first” in the
rescue sequence.
 By discriminating in the selection of passengers, giving
preference to the affluent travelling in first class
 By not filling many of the lifeboats, resulting in many being
only half full: many more could have been saved if lifeboats
were fully loaded

55
 ETHICAL ISSUES
Excellency Building
Corporate goals over-riding Techtronics CX30
Engineering and Technical Industrial Robot
concerns TTITANIC

Excellency Building
Techtronics CX30
Failure to safeguard life and
Industrial Robot
property
TITANIC

Not making public serious Excellency Building

engineering flaws TITANIC
- failure to “whistle blow”
Excellency Building
Conflict of Interest
TITANIC
Techtronics CX30
Working outside Competence Industrial Robot56
57
58
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
 https://www.feani.org
 https://www.ice.org.uk/about-ice/who-runs-ice/how-we-work/conduct-pol
icy
 https://www.ieee.org
 http://www.asce.org/codeofethics/
 IESL web site - www.iesl.lk/
 http://www.shutterstock.com
 www.nbro.gov.lk/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=121:building-collapse-at...
 https://www.timeslanka.com/tag/wellawatta-building-collapse
 https://ethics.csc.ncsu.edu/risks/safety/killer_robot/killer_intro.html
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
242362942_The_case_of_the_killer_robot
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rms RMS Titanic_disaster
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 Titanic images : fortune.com, irish central.com, John Kunoshi
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