VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELGAUM-590002

UNIVERSITY B.D.T. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DAVANAGERE-577004
(A Constituent college of VTU, Belagavi)
DEPARTMENT OF STUDIES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(21CVP76)
PRESENTATION ON

“GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MSW LANDFILL AT AVARAGOLLA SITE,

DAVANAGERE”
Submitted By: Batch-16
P. KARISHMA 4UB21CV408
VISHNU.C 4UB21CV056
S.R.CHETHAN KUMAR 4UB18CV053
VASANTHI B.S 4UB21CV052
Under guidance of
Mr . PRUTHVIRAJ S. R.
Assistant professor (Ad-hoc)
DOS-CIVIL ENGINEERING, UBDTCE, DAVANGERE
1
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

3. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

5.CONCLUSION

6.REFERENCE

2
1. INTRODUCTION:
Globally the estimated quantity of wastes generation was about 12 billion tons (BT) in the year 2002 of
which 11 BT were industrial wastes, and 1.6 BT were municipal solid wastes. While many attempts have
been made to make use of industrial waste for geotechnical application, not many studies have made on
municipal solid waste. Geo- technical properties of municipal solid waste assume great importance in
their reuse, disposal as well as reclamation of waste dumps sites/landfills. Evaluation of geotechnical
properties of municipal solid waste has been difficult due to their heterogeneity and time-dependent
degradation. Evaluation of geotechnical properties of MSW is carried out through in situ, laboratory tests
and back analysis of field performance data. The results of the laboratory tests have implication for both
geo environmental engineering practice and for research. Refinement of the knowledge base of
engineering parameters for MSW may assist in the safe, environmentally responsible design and
operation of existing and future landfill. . To reclaim the old dump sites/closed landfill sites for infra-
structural development, it is necessary to know their geotechnical characteristics. The characteristics of
waste change with time due to their degradation. Closed landfill waste mostly represents the
characteristics of highly degraded wastes. Its mechanical behavior is of paramount importance in
obtaining a safe and economical design.

3
STATUS OVERVIEW WITH BAR CHART

Figure 1: Distribution of MSW management practices in India

4
SOLID WASTE GENERATION BY MAJOR CITIES IN INDIA

• This report provides an overview of the solid waste generation by major cities in India. Rapid
urbanization and population growth have significantly increased waste generation, posing a challenge
to urban waste management systems.
• Highlights
• Mumbai: Highest waste generation at approximately 11,000 TPD.
• Delhi: Generates around 10,000 TPD, ranking second.
• Bengaluru and Hyderabad: Contribute 8,000 TPD and 6,800 TPD respectively.
• Other Cities: Ahmedabad, Chennai, and Kolkata generate between 4,800 to 5,500 TPD.
• Smaller Cities: Pune, Surat, and Jaipur generate relatively lower amounts, ranging from 2,500 to 3,600
TPD.

5
WASTE GENERATION BAR CHART

The bar chart below illustrates the solid waste generation of major cities in India.

FIGURE 2:SOLID WASTE GENERATION BY MAJOR CITIES IN INDIA

6
 COMPOSITION OF MSW LANDFILL SITE AND ITS COMPONENTS
A Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfill is a well-engineered facility designed to safely dispose of solid
waste generated by households, businesses, and other institutions. Its composition and components
include the following:
Solid waste composition:
The study was carried in Avaragolla landfill site with 20 kg MSW sample. The collected MSW sample is
sorted physically in various ingredients such as paper, fiber, metals, soils, glass, and miscellaneous waste
on a sorting platform. The individual components are separated and weighed.

FIGURE 3:MSW COMPOSITION OF AVARAGOLLA LANDFILL SITE

7
 NEED FOR DETERMINIG GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MSW LANDFILL SOIL

• Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill soil comprises a heterogeneous mixture of organic and inorganic materials,
requiring comprehensive geotechnical analysis for the following reasons:
• Foundation Stability: Ensures that the landfill can safely support structures like roads, retaining walls, and
buildings without excessive settlement or failure.
• Slope Stability: Assesses the risk of slope failure due to weak shear strength or the decomposition of organic waste.
• Leachate Management: Helps in designing effective drainage systems to prevent leachate build-up and its
subsequent impact on slope stability and groundwater contamination.
• Settlement Prediction: Quantifies long-term settlement from biodegradation of organic matter, aiding in post-
closure land-use planning.
• Waste-to-Energy Projects: Evaluates the compaction and decomposition characteristics
• to optimize landfill gas recovery for energy generation.
• Environmental Safety: Ensures the geotechnical integrity of containment systems,
• preventing contamination of surrounding ecosystems.
• Regulatory Compliance: Fulfills the requirements of environmental and geotechnical guidelines for landfill design
and monitoring.

8
ABOUT THE SITE
• Key features:
• Location: Avaragolla, davangere, karnataka
• Global location: 14.517345, 75.886289
• Type of landfill: Solid Waste, mixed type -Ramp method
• Quantity per day: 170 tons/day
• Dimension: 32-acre Total land area
• Population: 4,34,471. (2011 census)
• From where it is coming: Davangere (45 wards)
• Work procedure: Routine work
• Average annual rainfall data: 653.3 mm
• Landfill Type: -ACTIVE
• Area and Volume: -33 ACRES
• Topography and Climate: -Terrain ,of the site is undulating
• At an elevation of 5 mt above sea level. 30 to 32C FIGURE :LANDFILL AT AVARAGOLLA SITE
• Geology and Hydrogeology: - Underlying geology comprises soil type.
• Ground water is located at a certain depth of with a flow direction towards area.

9
 OBJECTIVES

• To collect the information of site and its physical dimensions for the study and to find the engineering
properties of soil like specific gravity, void ratio, porosity taken from municipal solid waste landfill site
and to evaluate the permeability of landfill soil for further study.

• To conduct compaction test to achieve maximum dry density of soil to know the stability behaviour.

• To determine the shear strength parameters C and φ of the landfill soil by Direct Shear test and triaxial
test for obtaining at different Normal loads And Shear loads is drawn against normal stress and Shear
test.

10
LITERATURE SURVEY
• D. Choudhuryet al. "Simplified method to characterize municipal solid waste properties under seismic
conditions." Waste management,29 2 (2009)
• B. P. Naveen ., T. G., Sitharam ., P., V., Sivapullaiah. (2014). Evaluating the Dynamic Characteristics of Municipal Solid
Waste for Geotechnical Purpose
• Naveen B P, T. Sitharam and P. Sivapullaiah. "Seismic Behavior and Dynamic Site Response of Municipal Solid Waste
Landfill in India." (2019)
• D. Zekkos, J. Bray and M. Riemer. "Shear modulus and material damping of municipal solid waste based on large-scale
cyclic triaxial testing." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45 (2008)
• Naveen B P. "Measurement of static and dynamic properties of municipal solid waste at Mavallipura landfill site,
India." International Journal of Geo-Engineering, 9 (2018)
• Geotechnical Properties of Fresh and Degraded MSW in the Foothill of Shivalik Range Una, Himachal
Pradesh. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering(2019).
• Anbazhagan, P., SivakumarBabu, G., Lakshmikanthan, P., & VivekAnand, K. (2016). Seismic characterization and
dynamic site response of a municipal solid waste landfill in Bangalore, India. Waste Management & Research, 34, 205 -
213.
• Ramaiah, B., Ramana, G., & Datta, M. (2017). Mechanical characterization of municipal solid waste from two waste
dumps at Delhi, India.
11
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
 Disturbed sample
 Undisturbed sample
 Core cutter apparatus (a hollow steel cylinder with a cutting edge, dolly, Rammer,
scale)
 Hoe
 Digging bar
 30m Measuring tape
 50-micron plastic cover
 Plastic bags of capacity 25 kg
 Mortar pan = 4 in no’s
 Safety measures like glouse, masks etc 12
 METHODOLOGY
1. Site Selection and Preliminary Assessment: Choose a representative landfill site based on its waste composition and
operational history. Review geotechnical reports and identify sampling locations.
2. Collection of MSW and Soil Samples: Collect samples of MSW at different decomposition stages and surrounding
soils from various depths using augers or coring equipment.
3. Field Testing (In-Situ Tests): Perform tests like Standard Penetration Test (SPT), Cone Penetration Test (CPT), and
piezometer testing to assess soil and MSW properties, including strength and drainage behaviour.
4. Laboratory Testing of MSW Samples: Conduct tests to determine moisture content, bulk density, specific gravity,
grain size distribution, shear strength, and permeability of MSW.
5. Laboratory Testing of Soil Samples: Perform tests on soil samples to determine Atterberg limits, consolidation, shear
strength, and permeability to evaluate the underlying soil’s behaviour.
6. Dynamic Testing: Assess dynamic properties (shear modulus, damping ratio) of MSW and soils under cyclic loading
or seismic conditions using cyclic triaxial or resonant column tests.
7. Data Analysis and Interpretation: Analyse the collected data to determine the mechanical behaviour of MSW and
soils, and assess landfill stability, settlement, and permeability.
8. Report Preparation: Prepare a final report summarizing the findings, conclusions, and recommendations for landfill
design, stability, and environmental safety.
13
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
core cutter core cutter core cutter core cutter
SL no description MOISTURE CONTENT
sample-01 sample-02 sample-03 sample-04
Definition: Moisture content is the amount of water present in
1 water content cup no 82 40 71 73 17 16 44 46
Empty Weight of water
the material, expressed as a percentage of its dry weight.
2 20 20 22 20 22 22 18 22 Significance:
content cup (w1) in gms
Empty Weight of water content • Influences the compressibility, shear strength, and settlement
3 54 48 48 44 42 44 38 48 behavior.
cup + wet soil (w2) in gms
Empty Weight of water content • Affects leachate generation and decomposition rates.
4 48 42 44 38 40 42 34 38
cup + Dry soil(w3) in gms • Impacts gas production in MSW landfills
5
weight of water
6 6 4 6 2 2 4 10
• calculate moisture content using:
ww=w2-w3 Moisture Content(%)=
weight of water Shear Strength: High moisture reduces the
6 28 22 22 18 18 20 16 16
ws=w3-w1 strength of waste materials, increasing the risk of
water content (%)
7 21.43 27.27 18.18 33.33 11.11 10.00 25.00 62.50 slope failure in landfills
w=(ww/ws)×100
8 Average water content in % 24.35 25.76 10.56 43.75

DISCUSSIONS: Moisture Content Values Indicate Variation in The Waste Composition and Decomposition Stage. The Lower Values
Suggest Drier Waste or Well-Decomposed Material, While the Higher Values Indicate Higher Organic Content or Moisture Retention.
These Results Align with Typical MSW Moisture Ranges, Influencing Landfill Stability, Biodegradation Rates, And Leachate Generation.
Effective Moisture Management Is Crucial for Optimizing Landfill Performance and Biogas Production.
14
 Particle Size Distribution:
Definition: Particle size distribution represents the proportion
of particles of different sizes in a material.
Factors Affecting PSD in MSW
•Waste Composition:
• Proportion of organic, inert, and recyclable materials.
•Decomposition : Organic breakdown alters PSD over time.
•Operational Practices: Compaction and shredding modify
particle sizes
The landfill material showed a wide variation in grain sizes,
with 65.8% fine-grained material and 34% coarse particles. This
indicates heterogeneity typical of MSW Landfill sample with
composition. GRAPH 1:PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
CURVE
Discussions: - The coefficient of curvature gives an
indication of the gradation of soil. If Cu is nearly unity, the soil
is uniformly graded. If Cc is between 1 and 3, it is well graded.
The uniformity coefficient is larger when the degree of D60(mm) 3.75 Cu 33.64
uniformity is low. for well graded gravel Cu >4 and for Cc 0.94
D30(mm) 0.61
well graded sand Cu >6.
D10(mm) 0.10
Therefore, in our case poorly graded sand It is (SP, SM)

15
ATTERBERG LIMITS:- liquid limit by cassagrande’s method
•Definition : Atterberg Limits define the boundaries between different
states of fine-grained soils (liquid, plastic, and solid states).
Importance of Atterberg Limits in MSW
•Material Behavior:
• Helps classify fines in MSW as cohesive (clay-like) or granular.
•Compaction and Stability:
• Ensures landfill cover or liner material retains integrity under load.
•Permeability and Leachate Control:
• Guides the design of impermeable barriers for leachate
containment.
Discussions: - The results are tabulated as shown below and a graph of water
content against number of blows. The water content corresponding to 15,25,
35 blows is taken as the liquid limit (WL)
Flow Index, If =105.19

Since Plasticity Index (PI) is not obtained, we can estimate it using the A-line equation:
RESULT
Final USCS Classification:
LIQUID
48.25%
 LL = 48.25% (< 50%) → Low Plasticity LIMIT(WL)

 PI = 20.62 (Above A-line) → Clayey Soil

Thus, the landfill material is classified as "Low Plasticity Clay (CL)" in the USCS system
16
 FREE SWELL INDEX: - To determine the free swell index of MSW landfill soil as per
•Definition : Free Swell Index (FSI) is a measure of the
increase in volume of fine-grained soil when it is immersed
in water, expressed as a percentage.
•The soil may include non-swelling or collapsing materials
that shrink or dissolve when exposed to water
•Soluble salts may dissolve in water, leading to a decrease in
the apparent volume.

Formula for Swell Index (SI):

Where:
 SI = Swell Index (%).
 Hf = Final height of the soil specimen after swelling (mm).
FIGURE 11: 100ML MEASURING FIGURE 10:100ML MEASURING  Hi = Initial height of the soil specimen before swelling (mm).
JAR FOR CONDUCTION OF FREE JAR FOR CONDUCTION OF
SWELL INDEX (BEFORE ADDED FREE SWELL INDEX (AFTER
OF SAMPLE) ADD OF SAMPLE)

Discussion: Free swell index of the MSW landfill soil is 0.9cc down (because of silt & clayey content is more) the
swell index value is obtained has -91%
17
 IN-SITU DENSITY BY CORE CUTTER METHOD
 For sample 01: G=1.91
DETERMINATION OF IN-SITU BULK UNIT WEIGHT AND IN-SITU DRY
UNIT WEIGHT  Voids ratio, e=0.7541
SL No Description sample -01 sample -02 sample -03 sample -04
1 Core cutter no 1 2 3 4  Porosity, n=0.4299
Empty weight of core cutter
2 2020 2012 2022 2026
(without dolly ) w1 gms  Dry unit weight, ϒd=10.6816 KN/m 3
Empty weight of core
3 3296 3016 2788 2350
 Degree of saturation, Sr=59.11%
cutter+wet soil w2 gms
weight of wet soil  Bulk unit weight, ϒ =13.28 KN/m3
4 1276 1004 766 324
w=w2-w1 in gms
5 volume of core cutter, V in cc 942.477 942.477 942.477 942.477
 Water content in % w =24.34%
Bulk unit weight of core
6 1.3539 1.0653 0.8128 0.3438
cutter ϒ= w/V in gm/cc  For sample 02: G=1.86
7 water content in % 24.34 25.75 10.55 43.75
Dry unit weight ϒd= ϒ/(1+w)
10.6816 8.3104 7.2122 2.3460
8 in gm/cc  Voids ratio, e=1.1956
TABLE 4:TABULAR COLUMN ON IN-SITU BULK UNIT AND DRY UNIT WEIGHT
 Porosity, n=0.5445
Definition : In-situ density is the natural density of soil or waste in its  Dry unit weight, ϒd=8.3104 KN/m3
undisturbed state.
 Importance in MSW Landfills:  Degree of saturation, Sr=40.05%
• Helps assess compaction and settlement.
• Provides input for stability and design calculations.  Bulk unit weight, ϒ =10.45 KN/m3
 Core Cutter Method is a reliable tool for assessing in-situ density in
 Water content in % w =25.75%
cohesive materials.
 Provides critical data for landfill stability and settlement analysis.
18
 For sample 03: G=1.83 For sample 04: G=1.9

ϒd=Gϒw/(1+e) where, ϒw=1gm/cc ϒd=Gϒw/(1+e) where, ϒw=1gm/cc

 Voids ratio, e=1.49  Voids ratio, e=6.9450

 Porosity, n=0.60  Porosity, n=0.8741
 Dry unit weight, ϒd=7.2122 KN/m3  Dry unit weight, ϒd=8.3104 KN/m3
 Degree of saturation, Sr=13.17%  Degree of saturation, Sr=11.96%
 Bulk unit weight, ϒ =7.97 KN/m3  Bulk unit weight, ϒ =10.45 KN/m3
 Water content in % w =10.55%  Water content in % w =25.75%

Discussion: The bulk unit weight range for a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill typically falls between 8 kN/m³ to
15 kN/m³ depending on the depth within the landfill, with fresher waste at the top tending to be lighter and compacted,
older waste at the bottom being denser and heavier. And the dry unit weight range for a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
landfill typically falls between 4.4 kN/m³ to 13 kN/m³ depending on the compaction level. however, this can vary
significantly based on the composition of the waste, moisture content, and depth within the landfill
19
OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT (OMC) & MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY (MDD) BY LIGHT COMPACTION

Definition : Light compaction refers to the process of

compacting soil or waste materials with low energy, typically
using a lighter compaction effort than heavy compaction
methods.
Factors Influencing Light Compaction
•Soil/Waste Type : Finer materials (e.g., silt, clay) are more
easily compacted than coarser materials.
•Moisture Content : Achieving optimal moisture content
improves compaction efficiency.
•Compaction Equipment: The size and type of compaction
equipment used affect the density and uniformity of compaction
Laboratory compaction tests indicated OMC of 24.90% and
MDD of 1.54 gm/cc, reflecting the effect of organic content and
particle size distribution

DISCUSSION: The soil with a density of 1.54 g/cm³ shows a moderate level of compaction, meaning it’s neither too loose
nor too tightly packed. This type of soil, likely a mix of sand and clay, is commonly used in landfills for liner or cover layers.
It helps hold moisture and prevent leachate from leaking out. This compaction level is good for ensuring the landfill stays
stable and reduces environmental risks.
20
 DIRECT SHEAR TEST: To Determine the Cohesion (c) and Angle of Internal Friction (φ)

GRAPH 4:SHEAR STRESS VS. HORIZONTAL GRAPH 5:NORMAL STRESS V/S

DISPLACEMENT SHEAR STRESS
Normal Stress (kpa) Peak Stress (kpa) Φ (0) C (kpa) Sample Normal stress (kPa) Shear modulus G (MPa) Elastic modulus, C (MPa)
50 19
50 0.278 0.7228
100 37 32.8 0
150 84 MSW 100 0.437 1.1362
150 1.229 3.1954

Definition : The Direct Shear Test measures the shear strength properties of soil and waste materials under controlled conditions.
 To determine the shear strength of MSW materials, which is crucial for slope stability and the design of containment systems.
 As the shear strength parameters typically increase with depth due to compaction and decomposition under self-weight, they provide essential data
for landfill management and engineering designs 21
 UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEST:
 Definition: The Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) is used to
determine the compressive strength of soil and waste materials without
applying lateral pressure.
 Objective:
• To determine the compressive strength of MSW material, which is
key for assessing its ability to withstand loads without lateral support.
 The unconfined compression test (UCT) is a simple and widely used
method to determine the undrained shear strength of cohesive components
of municipal solid waste (MSW) in a landfill. This test is particularly
useful for evaluating the compressive strength and deformation GRAPH 6:STRAIN IN % V/S STRESS
characteristics of the fine-grained and cohesive fractions of MSW under
unconfined conditions. In this test, cylindrical specimens of MSW are
prepared, ensuring they are representative of the cohesive materials within  UNCONFINED COMPRESSION STRENGTH, Qu=
the landfill. The samples are trimmed to the standard size while 0.282kg/cm2 to 0.213 kg/cm2 (Range from sample 1-4)
maintaining the in-situ moisture content. Since MSW is heterogeneous,  COHESION, C= 0.14kg/cm2 to 0.11 kg/cm2 (Range from
larger particles, such as plastics and metals, may be excluded or reduced
sample 1-4)
to manageable sizes to avoid compromising the test setup.

22
 SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST:
 Definition: the ratio of weight of soil solids to the weight of equal volume of water.
 Importance in MSW Landfills:
• Helps assess the composition and behavior of MSW under landfill conditions.
• Crucial for designing landfills and predicting material behavior under loading and compaction.
 CALCULATIONS: -
 FOR SAMPLE – 01: G=1.96
 FOR SAMPLE – 02: G=1.86
 FOR SAMPLE – 03: G=1.83
 FOR SAMPLE – 04: G=1.90
• The Specific Gravity Test by Pycnometer is an essential tool for understanding the composition and behavior of MSW
materials in landfills.
• Accurate specific gravity values support the design and stability of landfill systems, affecting compaction, settlement,
and overall performance.
 DISCUSSION: The typical specific gravity range for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in a landfill is generally between
1.0 to 2.0, with most values falling around 1.5, but can vary significantly depending on the waste composition,
compaction level, and decomposition stage, with older, more decomposed waste tending to have a higher
specific gravity value.

23
PERMEABILITY TEST: BY (FALLING HEAD METHOD)
 Definition : The Falling Head Permeability Test measures the ability of a soil or waste material to transmit water under a
specific hydraulic gradient.
 Importance in MSW Landfills:
 Understanding permeability helps assess the leachate flow, waste compaction, and groundwater contamination risks.
 It is critical for designing proper landfill liners, covers, and drainage systems.
 Objective: To determine the coefficient of permeability (k) of MSW material using the falling head method.

 RESULTS: -
 coefficient of permeability, K=5.8269×10−4 cm/s
 Superficial Velocity, V=KI, V=8.6628×10−4 cm/s
 Voids ratio, e=17.9584
 Porosity, n=0.9472
 Seepage Velocity, Vs=V/n, Vs=9.1456×10−4 cm/s
 DISCUSSION: For a Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill, the typical range of permeability values obtained from a
falling head permeability test is between 1 x 10-7 cm/s to 1 x 10-3 cm/s; with most values falling within the lower end of this
range, indicating a relatively low permeability due to the compacted nature of the waste material.

24
 TRIAXIAL SHEAR TEST;
 Definition: A laboratory test used to determine the shear strength parameters cohesion (c) and internal friction angle (ϕ) of
materials under controlled stress conditions.
 Relevance to MSW Landfills:
 Evaluates the stability and strength of waste materials to ensure safe landfill design.
 Helps in slope stability analysis and settlement predictions.
 Objective:
 To assess the shear strength of MSW materials under different loading conditions.
 Consolidated Undrained (CU) Test:
 Sample is consolidated, but drainage is prevented during shearing.
 Commonly used for MSW to understand undrained behavior.
 Limitations of the Triaxial Shear Test
 Time-Consuming: Drained tests can take several days, especially for low-permeability samples.
 Sample Preparation: Preparing representative MSW samples is challenging due to heterogeneity.
 Special Equipment Needed : Requires advanced apparatus for pore pressure measurement in CU tests.
 DISCUSSION: soil has no cohesion (0 kPa), meaning the particles don’t stick together strongly, and a moderate friction angle of
27.02°, meaning it can resist sliding somewhat but not as much as soils with higher friction. This suggests that your soil is likely
good for use in drainage layers or as a cover in the landfill, but it might not be strong enough for use in liners where better
strength is needed to prevent waste from leaking. It’s good for areas where stability isn’t as critical.

25
1. OBSERVATIONS: Specimen-01 Specimen-02
 Initial length of sample, Lo = 7.5 cm Axial Stress σ1 3.95 Kg/cm2 Axial Stress σ1 6.73 Kg/cm2

 Cell pressure σ3 2 Kg/cm2 Cell pressure σ3 3 Kg/cm2

Initial diameter of sample, do = 3.8 cm
R (σ1-σ3)/2 0.97 R (σ1-σ3)/2 1.87
 Initial area of Sample, Ao = 11.34 cm 2
σavg (σ1+σ3)/2 2.97 σavg (σ1-σ3)/2 4.87
 Proving Ring constant, 1 div = 0.19 kg Txy 0 Txy 0
 Initial Volume of Sample, V = 85.0586 cc

GRAPH 10: PLOT OF DEVIATOR STRESS IN KG/CM2 V/S AXIAL GRAPH 11:MOHR'S CIRCLE FOR TRIAXIAL SHEAR
STRAIN IN % TEST 26
RESULTS: -
•COHESION, C= 0
•Angle of internal friction, φ = 27.02o

•For Specimen – 01, σ1=3.95 Kg/cm2

•For Specimen – 02, σ1=6.93 K/cm2

•Poisson’s ratio, µ=0.3

TABLE 18: RESULTS OF TRIAXIAL

SHEAR TEST
Sample Cell pressure (kPa) peak deviator stress (Mpa) Φ ( 0) C (kpa)
200 0.1912
MSW 27.02o 0
300 0.3658

TABLE 17: THE ELASTIC CONSTANTS OBTAINED FROM

TRIAXIAL TEST

Sample Cell pressure (kPa) Shear modulus G (MPa) Elastic modulus, C (MPa)
200 0.278 0.7228
MSW
300 0.437 1.1362

27
 BIBLOGRA
PHY
Location of the site Avaragolla Landfill Site

28
 VISITED DUMPING
LANDFILL
Visit at the Landfill site
SITE Collection of sample

29
 CONDUCTION OF
EXPERIMENTS
Conducting the light compaction test
Conduction of UCC test after applying Stress

30
CONDUCTION OF SPECIFIC
GRAVITY TEST

31
CONDUCTION OF CASSAGRANDE’S
METHOD AND WET SIEVE ANALYSIS TESTS

32
CONDUCTION OF PLASTIC LIMIT AND FREE
SWELL INDEX

33
CONDUCTION OF TRI-
AXIAL TEST

34
 CONCLUSION:
The specific gravity test results for the MSW landfill site soil indicate that the soil has a relatively low specific gravity, ranging from
1.4 to 1.6. This suggests that the soil is likely to be highly porous and may have a high organic content, which is consistent with the
characteristics of MSW landfill soils. The compaction test results indicate that the soil at the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill
site has reached optimal compaction 24.90%, ensuring stability and minimizing settlement. This suggests that the site is suitable for
further development and waste management activities. The wet sieve analysis of the MSW landfill site soil indicates that the soil
contains a significant amount of fines (silt and clay-less than 75 micrometres) and organic matter. The results suggest that the soil may
have poor drainage and stability properties, which could impact the landfill's long-term integrity and environmental performance. The
Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test results indicate that the MSW landfill site soil has a relatively low compressive strength,
suggesting that the soil is prone to deformation and settlement under load. This may require additional stabilization measures or design
considerations to ensure the landfill's stability and structural integrity. The Casagrande method of soil classification for the MSW
landfill site indicates that the soil is predominantly clayey in nature, with a high plasticity index. The typical range of clay of
permeability in a MSW landfill site is considered to be between 1*10^-7 cm/s to 1*10^-9 cm/s. This suggests that the soil may exhibit
high compressibility, low permeability, and potential for settlement and instability issues. The variable head permeability test results
indicate that the MSW landfill site soil has a relatively low permeability, suggesting that the soil has limited ability to allow water to
flow through it. This may lead to increased risk of leachate accumulation and potential environmental contamination. Typically, it
35
ranges between (1*10^-9 to 1*10^-3 m/s).
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THANK
YOU
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