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Introduction-to-Atomic-Structure

Atoms are the basic units of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with their arrangement determining chemical behavior. Various atomic models have been proposed over time, including those by Thomson, Rutherford, Chadwick, and Bohr, each contributing to our understanding of atomic structure. Knowledge of atomic structure is essential in fields like nuclear energy, medical imaging, materials science, and nanotechnology.

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5 views10 pages

Introduction-to-Atomic-Structure

Atoms are the basic units of matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with their arrangement determining chemical behavior. Various atomic models have been proposed over time, including those by Thomson, Rutherford, Chadwick, and Bohr, each contributing to our understanding of atomic structure. Knowledge of atomic structure is essential in fields like nuclear energy, medical imaging, materials science, and nanotechnology.

Uploaded by

ishakuyunanaz
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to

Atomic Structure
Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of all matter. They
are incredibly small, but they contain a fascinating world of
subatomic particles that govern their properties and behavior.
Atomic Sub-Particles (Protons, Neutrons, Electrons)

1 Protons 2 Neutrons
Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an Neutral particles also found in the nucleus. They
atom. The number of protons determines the element. contribute to the atom's mass but not its charge.

3 Electrons 4 Atomic Structure


Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in The arrangement and number of these subatomic
specific energy levels or shells. particles dictate an atom's chemical behavior and its
place on the periodic table.
Atomic Models (Thomson, Rutherford, Chadwick,
Bohr)
1 2 3 4

Thomson's Model Rutherford's Model Chadwick's Model Bohr's Model


Proposed a positively Discovered the nucleus Discovered neutrons, Proposed that electrons
charged sphere with through his gold foil which are neutral occupy specific orbits
negatively charged experiment, where he particles located in the around the nucleus, with
electrons embedded in proposed a small, dense, nucleus of an atom, and each orbit corresponding
it, like a plum pudding. positively charged are responsible for the to a distinct energy
nucleus with electrons atomic mass of an atom. level, which explains the
orbiting around it. characteristic spectral
lines of atoms.
Atomic Number and Mass Number
Atomic Number (Z) Mass Number (A)

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus. This The total number of protons and neutrons in an
uniquely identifies the element. atom's nucleus. It represents the atom's mass.
Measuring the mass of
atoms
Mass spectrometer Relative atomic mass (Ar)

An instrument in The average mass of


which atoms or naturally occurring
molecules are atoms of an element
ionized and then on a scale where the
accelerated; the ions carbon – 12 atom has
are then separated a mass of exactly 12
according to their units
mass
Isotopes and their
Characteristics
Isotope Definition Characteristics

Same element Atoms of the Same chemical


with different same element properties but
number of that have the different
neutrons same number of physical
protons but properties
different number
of neutrons
Calculating Relative Atomic Mass
Ar =

Identify Isotopes
Determine the naturally occurring isotopes of the
element and their relative abundance.

Multiply Abundance by Mass


Multiply the relative abundance of each isotope by its
mass number.

Sum Products
Add the products from each isotope to calculate the
average relative atomic mass of the element.
Calculating Relative Atomic Mass
EXAMPLES
Applications of Atomic
Structure Knowledge
Nuclear Energy Medical Imaging
Understanding atomic Techniques like PET scans and
structure is crucial for MRI utilize principles of
harnessing nuclear energy atomic structure to visualize
through fission and fusion internal organs and detect
processes. abnormalities.

Materials Science Nanotechnology


Understanding atomic Manipulating matter at the
bonding and structure is atomic and molecular level
essential for designing allows for the creation of
materials with specific advanced materials and
properties for various devices with unique
applications. capabilities.
Conclusion and Key
Takeaways
Atomic structure is a fundamental concept that underpins our
understanding of the world around us. It has a profound impact
on various fields, from energy production to medicine, and its
study continues to unveil new insights and technological
advancements.

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