1588332331 Lecture 1 Database Systems Overview
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awaisshahbaz01091588332331 Lecture 1 Database Systems Overview
Uploaded by
awaisshahbaz0109Database Systems
CMP-3440
A Crash Course for newbies
By: Jahanzaib
Course Outline
Why study Database?
Who Needs to Study Database?
Overview of Database
DBMS Architecture & Database Models
Three Schema Architecture
Entity Relationship Modeling
Enhanced Entity Relationship Modeling
Cardinality Constraints
Normalization
Lecture Outline
Basic Terminologies and Concepts
Manual File Management Systems Approach
File Processing Systems Approach
Database Management System Approach
Database and its types
Components of Database Environment
Database Evolution
Data Models
Database Overview
Basic Terminologies
Data: Data is a collection of any thing it can be collection
of names of students of class, contacts of person in contact
book, DVDs collection names etc. Data is basically a facts
and figures.
Why we need data ?? Data is as important as any
other asset is valuable. Data is important in lawful decision
making.
Example of data in Table is below.
Basic Terminologies
Information: Processed data yields us information. Or we
can say that information is a useful data which we
extracted after applying any operation or query on data.
Processing is done under some condition
Consider a data in table below
Name Class Age
Ali 10th 21
Ahmed 11th 22
Owais 12th 23
Tariq 14th 22
Information is that Ahmed and Tariq are 22 years old.
Basic Terminologies
Data vs Information : Data is collection of any thing which after
processing gives us useful data which is called Information, we use
information to make decisions.
Metadata : Metadata is simply a data about data. Metadata contains
information about format of data means what type of data can be stored
into the table and what will be source of data.
Name Type Length Source
CourseName Alphanumeric 30 Academic
StudentID Integer 10 Student IS
Semester Integer 7 Student IS
Class Alphanumeric 15 Student IS
CGPA Alphanumeric 12 Result Section
In above table we can see the table structure which is described by
Names of fields, Types of fields and length then source is described.
Basic Terminologies
Database : Database is a collection of logically related data which
can be shared by multiple users.
Example: Student Information Database
Manual File Management
Systems
Ledgers and record registers are example of Manual file
management systems. Storing record in MFMS causes lot of
inconvenience.
Disadvantages:
Data Dependence
Data Redundancy
Limited Data Sharing
Chance of loss
File Processing Systems
File processing systems are just a replacement
of Manual File Management system. It has
same problems as Manual File Management
System has.
Disadvantages:
Data Dependence
Limited Sharing
Data Duplication
Excessive Program Maintenance
Concurrency Issues
Atomicity Issues
Database Management System
Database Management system is a solution to problems which
were arising in previously described two systems. Database
Management system uses Database approach to overcome
problems such as data sharing, Data redundancy etc.
Advantages of DBMS
Data Independence
Data Sharing Made easy
Limited Data Redundancy
Improved Data consistency
Examples of DBMS are MS ACCESS, SQL SERVER, ORACLE etc
Database Management system is a software which manages the
Database and enables us to perform operations on the data.
Database
Database is a collection of organized and logically
related data which can be shared by multiple users.
Main Types of Database
1.) Centralized Database
2.) Distributed Database
Centralized Database: It is a type of database
which is located on a single location and different
users from different places access this database
from a single location.
There are again two types of Centralized Database
1.) Personal Computer Database
2.) Centralized MULTI-USER Database
Database
Personal Computer Database: It is a type of
database which is installed on only one computer for
example a shopkeeper inventory system on shop
uses a personal computer database.
It is a low scope database , because it is dedicated
to only one system.
Central Computer Database: Central computer
database is a type in which there is a central
computer (server) on which database is installed and
other systems which are called (client/dumb
terminals) are connected with this Central computer
by any network.
Database
Central Computer Database Diagram
Central Computer:
a.) All processing is done by CC.
b.) All load on CC.
c.) CC should be a power ful machine.
Terminals:
a.) Provide only interface.
b.) Not so much powerful systems.
c.) Don’t have load.
Database
Distributed Database: It is a type of a
database which is located on the more then
one locations. Different users from different
locations access database with the help of
Network.
Database
Distributed Database: It has again two types.
Homogenous
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
H/W
OS
DBMS
Data Model*
Data flow
If all these components are same at all nodes then it is known as homogeneous DB.
Heterogeneous
H/W
OS
DBMS
Data Model*
Data flow
If any of these components differ at different levels then such DB is called
heterogeneous DB.
Database
Advantages of Distributed Database:
a.) Provides Load Balancing
b.) Low chances of Data Loss.
c.) Easy Data Sharing
d.) Data consistency
Components of Database
Environment
Components of database environment describes those
components which are involved with database could me DB
Administrators, System Developers or End users. They are
mostly nine in number. Detail of them are given below.
Main Components
Data and Database System Administrators
System Developers
End Users
CASE Tools
User Interface
Application Programs
Repository
DBMS
Database
Components of Database
Environment
Components of Database
Environment
Computer Aided Software Engineering Tools (CASE TOOLS) : Automated tools
to design database and application programs. CASE tools are used for system
Requirement analysis and design.
Repository: Repository contains a broad set of metadata which is important for
managing database.
DBMS: A software which is used to manage the database, this management includes
the creation of database upto whole maintenance of DB. DBMS provides the
controlled access to the Database.
Database: A collection of organized and logically related data which can be shared
by multiple users is known as a database.
Application Programs: Application Programs are those programs which uses
database and manipulate the database according to there purpose. For instance we
develop a Library Management system application in .Net and for record storing
purpose we use Access DB. Hence Library Management system is a Application
Program.
Database Administrators: DB Administrator is a one who manages a Database.
System Developers: System Developers are those who develop Application
Programs they use case tools to dug out requirements and design of a application.
End Users: Suppose a Database is used into an school organization then end users
are those persons who get facilities from the database and to whom services are
been provided.
Data Models
Data model is first step in Database design process
which describe the logical structure of database. It
tells us how data is connected to each other and
how is stored, Processed. It describes what type of
relations will be between data.
ER Data Model
Object oriented Data Model
Network Data Model
Hierarchical Data Model
Home Work
1.1 List four significant differences between a
file-processing system and a DBMS.
1.2 This chapter has described several major
advantages of a database system. What are two
disadvantages?
Due Date and Other Details are given on Canvas.
How to Join Canvas??
This course has enabled open enrollment.
Students can self-enroll in the course once
you share with them this URL:
https://canvas.instructure.com/enroll/
TFLB7E
Any
Questions?
