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Introduction to Graph Theory

Graph theory is a mathematical field focused on studying graphs, which represent relationships between objects through vertices and edges. It encompasses various types of graphs, essential terminology, and algorithms for problem-solving, with applications in computer science, engineering, and social sciences. The document highlights the importance of graph theory as a foundational area for further mathematical study.

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Prabhu Prasad Bal
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5 views

Introduction to Graph Theory

Graph theory is a mathematical field focused on studying graphs, which represent relationships between objects through vertices and edges. It encompasses various types of graphs, essential terminology, and algorithms for problem-solving, with applications in computer science, engineering, and social sciences. The document highlights the importance of graph theory as a foundational area for further mathematical study.

Uploaded by

Prabhu Prasad Bal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Graph Theory
Graph theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the properties
and applications of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to
model pairwise relations between objects. Graphs consist of vertices
(or nodes) connected by edges (or links). This field has significant
implications in various domains, including computer science,
engineering, and social sciences, making it a vital area of study for
students and professionals alike.

Manisha Ray
Overview of Graph Theory
1 Framework 2 Types of 3 Problem
for Graphs Solving
Relationshi Includes Essential for
ps directed, connectivity,
undirected, optimization,
Graph theory
weighted, and and network
helps
unweighted analysis.
understand
graphs.
various
relationships.
Basic Terminology
1 Vertex 2 Edge 3 Degree
A A connection The number
fundamental between two of edges
unit of a vertices, connected to
graph, representing a a vertex.
representing relationship.
an object.

4 Path 5 Cycle
A sequence of A path that
edges starts and
connecting a ends at the
sequence of same vertex
vertices. without
repeating
edges.
Types of Graphs

Directed Graph Undirected Graph


Edges have a direction, Edges have no direction,
indicating a one-way indicating a two-way
relationship. relationship.

Weighted Graph Bipartite Graph


Edges have weights representing Vertices can be divided into two
costs or distances. disjoint sets, with edges only
between the sets.
Graph Representation
1 Adjacency 2 Adjacency 3 Incidence
Matrix List Matrix
A square A collection of A matrix
matrix lists for each showing the
indicating vertex's relationship
edges adjacent between
between vertices. vertices and
vertices. edges.
Connectivity in Graphs
Connected Disconnected Components
Graph Graph Subgraphs in a
A graph where A graph that has disconnected
there is a path at least two graph that are
between every vertices with no connected.
pair of vertices. path connecting
them.
Trees and Forests
Tree Rooted Tree Forest
A connected acyclic graph with n A tree with a designated root A disjoint union of trees.
vertices and n-1 edges. vertex from which all other
vertices are reachable.
Graph Algorithms

Kruskal's Prim's Algorithm


Algorithm
Finds the minimum Grows the minimum
spanning tree of a spanning tree from a
graph. starting vertex.
Planar Graphs

Definition Euler's Formula


A graph that can be drawn on a plane without edges Relates V, E, and F in a connected planar graph: V - E + F = 2.
crossing.
Graph Coloring
1 Graph Coloring 2 Chromatic Number
Assigning colors to The minimum number of
vertices so that no two colors needed to color a
adjacent vertices share graph.
the same color.
Applications of Graph Theory
Network Design Social Network Operations
Used in Analysis Research
telecommunication Analyzing Solving
s and computer relationships and optimization
networks to interactions within problems, such as
optimize social networks. the traveling
connectivity. salesman problem.
Network Flows
Flow Network Ford-Faulkerson Method
A directed graph with A method for computing the
capacities and flows. maximum flow in a network
flow.
Graph Isomorphism
Isomorphic Graphs Graph Invariants
Two graphs that can be Properties that remain
transformed into each other unchanged under graph
by renaming vertices. isomorphism.
Conclusion

Importance of Graph Essential Components Foundation for further


Theory study
Vital area of study with Algorithms are crucial for Lays groundwork for
broad applications. problem solving theoretical and applied
Mathematics

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