Scribd
Upload
5 views15 pages

ML Complete Syllabus With Hints and Visuals

Supervised learning involves training models on labeled data to predict outcomes, with applications in spam detection and medical diagnosis. In contrast, unsupervised learning seeks to find patterns in unlabeled data, useful for customer segmentation and data simplification. Reinforcement learning focuses on learning optimal actions through trial and error, applicable in areas like robotics and self-driving cars.

Uploaded by

agdanishr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views15 pages

ML Complete Syllabus With Hints and Visuals

Supervised learning involves training models on labeled data to predict outcomes, with applications in spam detection and medical diagnosis. In contrast, unsupervised learning seeks to find patterns in unlabeled data, useful for customer segmentation and data simplification. Reinforcement learning focuses on learning optimal actions through trial and error, applicable in areas like robotics and self-driving cars.

Uploaded by

agdanishr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

What is Supervised Learning?

• Learning from labeled data (questions +


answers)
• Used in: Spam detection, Price prediction,
Medical diagnosis
• Goal: Learn a mapping from input to output
• Real-life: Teacher teaching a student using
correct answers
Discriminative vs Generative

• Discriminative: Learn boundary (SVM, Logistic


Regression)
• Generative: Learn full data distribution (Naive
Bayes, HMM)
• Think: Discriminative = Shortcut, Generative =
Full picture
Regression Techniques

• Linear Regression: Predict numbers


(continuous values)
• Lasso Regression: Simplifies model by
reducing features
• Underfitting: Too simple. Overfitting: Too
complex
• Cross-validation helps prevent both
Classification Techniques

• Logistic Regression: Predict categories (e.g.


Yes/No)
• SVM: Finds the best margin to separate classes
• KNN: Predict by voting among closest
neighbors
• Decision Trees: Rule-based branching logic
Ensemble & Evaluation

• Random Forest = Many decision trees voting


• Boosting: Combine weak learners into strong
one
• Metrics: Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score
• Use confusion matrix to analyze performance
What is Unsupervised Learning?

• No labels, just data — find hidden patterns


• Goal: Group similar items, simplify data
• Used in: Customer segmentation, Social
networks
Clustering Techniques

• K-Means: Cluster by minimizing distance to


center
• Hierarchical Clustering: Build nested tree
groups
• Cluster Validity: Evaluate how good your
grouping is
Dimensionality Reduction

• Too many features = noise and slow learning


• PCA: Reduce features, retain most information
• Useful for visualization and efficiency
EM Algorithm & Recommendation
Systems

• EM = Guess groups → Improve → Repeat


• Recommendation: 'Users like you also liked…'
• Based on collaborative filtering
Real Use Cases & Summary

• Google News clusters headlines (clustering)


• Netflix & Amazon suggest based on
preferences
• PCA used for face recognition, text
classification
What is Reinforcement Learning?

• Agent learns by interacting with environment


• Reward = Good move, Punishment = Bad
move
• Goal: Learn best actions through trial & error
Core Elements

• Agent: Learner (robot, game bot)


• Environment: World it interacts with
• Policy: Rule to pick next action
• Reward: Feedback signal
Model-based vs Model-free

• Model-based: Learns a map of the


environment
• Model-free: Acts from experience (e.g., Q-
learning)
Temporal Difference Learning

• Learn partly now, partly from future


• TD helps learn from incomplete paths
• Used in games like chess, Go
Applications of RL

• Self-driving cars, Robotics, Games


• Stock trading bots
• Energy saving systems

You might also like