Supervised learning involves training models on labeled data to predict outcomes, with applications in spam detection and medical diagnosis. In contrast, unsupervised learning seeks to find patterns in unlabeled data, useful for customer segmentation and data simplification. Reinforcement learning focuses on learning optimal actions through trial and error, applicable in areas like robotics and self-driving cars.
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ML Complete Syllabus With Hints and Visuals
Supervised learning involves training models on labeled data to predict outcomes, with applications in spam detection and medical diagnosis. In contrast, unsupervised learning seeks to find patterns in unlabeled data, useful for customer segmentation and data simplification. Reinforcement learning focuses on learning optimal actions through trial and error, applicable in areas like robotics and self-driving cars.
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What is Supervised Learning?
• Learning from labeled data (questions +
answers) • Used in: Spam detection, Price prediction, Medical diagnosis • Goal: Learn a mapping from input to output • Real-life: Teacher teaching a student using correct answers Discriminative vs Generative
• Discriminative: Learn boundary (SVM, Logistic
Regression) • Generative: Learn full data distribution (Naive Bayes, HMM) • Think: Discriminative = Shortcut, Generative = Full picture Regression Techniques
• Linear Regression: Predict numbers
(continuous values) • Lasso Regression: Simplifies model by reducing features • Underfitting: Too simple. Overfitting: Too complex • Cross-validation helps prevent both Classification Techniques
• Logistic Regression: Predict categories (e.g.
Yes/No) • SVM: Finds the best margin to separate classes • KNN: Predict by voting among closest neighbors • Decision Trees: Rule-based branching logic Ensemble & Evaluation
• Random Forest = Many decision trees voting
• Boosting: Combine weak learners into strong one • Metrics: Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score • Use confusion matrix to analyze performance What is Unsupervised Learning?
• No labels, just data — find hidden patterns
• Goal: Group similar items, simplify data • Used in: Customer segmentation, Social networks Clustering Techniques
• K-Means: Cluster by minimizing distance to
center • Hierarchical Clustering: Build nested tree groups • Cluster Validity: Evaluate how good your grouping is Dimensionality Reduction
• Too many features = noise and slow learning
• PCA: Reduce features, retain most information • Useful for visualization and efficiency EM Algorithm & Recommendation Systems
• EM = Guess groups → Improve → Repeat
• Recommendation: 'Users like you also liked…' • Based on collaborative filtering Real Use Cases & Summary
• Google News clusters headlines (clustering)
• Netflix & Amazon suggest based on preferences • PCA used for face recognition, text classification What is Reinforcement Learning?
• Agent learns by interacting with environment
• Reward = Good move, Punishment = Bad move • Goal: Learn best actions through trial & error Core Elements
• Agent: Learner (robot, game bot)
• Environment: World it interacts with • Policy: Rule to pick next action • Reward: Feedback signal Model-based vs Model-free
Advanced Computational Methods for Knowledge Engineering Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Computer Science Applied Mathematics and Applications ICCSAMA 2015 1st Edition Hoai An Le Thi download pdf