ANTI-CORRUPTION ACADEMY OF NIGERIA

THE TRAINING ARM OF

THE INDEPENDENT CORRUPT PRATCICES AND OTHER
RELATED OFFENCES COMMISSION
WORKSHOP ON ACADEMIC AND PROCUREMENT INTEGRITY
FOR UNIVERSITIES

PRESENTATION ON THE
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
THURSDAY 9th JULY, 2015
BY
AFOLAYAN KEHINDE WAHEED, MNIM, FCAI
ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER (PROCUREMENT) ICPC, ABUJA
 INTRODUCTION
• Prior to the enactment of Public Procurement Act
2007, there was Country Procurement
Assessment Report(CPAR) conducted in 1999-
2000 which revealed that before 1999 Nigeria lost
$10 billion every year to corruption through award
of contracts.

• In view of the above, the Budget Monitoring and

Price Intelligence Unit (BMPIU) was set up in 2001
to serve as a radical response to address the
problem.
 INTRODUCTION CONT’D
• Though there was no law to back the operation of
BMPIU, thus the operations were guided by Treasury
circulars, based on 1958 Act authorizing the
Accountant General of the Federation to issue
guidelines on public expenditure.

• Pursuant to the above, the Public Procurement Bill

was sent to the NASS in 2003/2004.

• The Bill was passed on the 31st May, 2007 and was
signed into Law by then President Yar’adua, in June
4th, 2007.
WHAT WERE THE SETBACKS IN PROCUREMENT
PRACTICE THAT NECESSITATED PROCUREMENT
REFORMS IN NIGERIA?
• Selective Tendering
• Sole source contracting
• Contract price negotiations were common
practices rather than exceptions
• Limited or no advertisement
• Limited and ineffective public bidding: the process
lacked competitiveness
• Unclear evaluation and award criteria
• Extra budgetary projects
• Abandoned projects
 …setbacks in procurement practice that
necessitated procurement reforms in Nigeria?
Cont’d
• Political interference and control in contract
awards .
• Bid splitting
• Inflation of prices and costs
• Abuse of virement
• Lack of transparency
• Absence of procurement planning, leading to
poor prioritization or even no prioritization at all,
cost overruns and failure.
 Cont’d.
• Limited or no procurement planning
• Limited mandates given to tender boards
• Excessive advance payments
• Delay, uncertainty and some times non-
payment for jobs done
• Wrongful exclusion of qualified bidders
• Use of fake documents and falsification of
records.
Cont’d
•kick backs and bribery
• collusion between bidders, between bidders
and procuring agency staff, conflict of
interest were dominant and unchecked
• use of inferior materials in public
Procurement
• Multiplicity of Prices in different
departments for similar or same items
• Absence of transparent
• Lack of periodic reviews and evaluations of
procurement practices.
WHAT DOES THE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
ACT 2007 PROVIDE FOR?

• The Act provides for the establishment of

supervisory Institutions and operational
structures for procurement practices as
well as defined scope, process, method,
supervision complaint mechanism, code of
conduct and offences relating to
Procurement of goods, works, services and
disposal of assets at the federal level in
Nigeria.
 SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE ACT
• The Federal Government of Nigeria and all
Procurement Entities.
• All entities outside the foregoing which derive at
least 35% of funds appropriated or proposed to
be appropriated for any type of procurement
described in this Act from the Federation Share of
Consolidated Revenue Fund.
• Shall not apply to procurement of special goods,
works and Services involving national defence, or
national security unless the president’s express
approval has been first sought and obtained.
 WHAT IS PROCUREMENT?
• Procurement is defines as the acquisition
of goods and or services at the BEST
POSSIBLE TOTAL cost of ownership, in the
Right Quality and Quantity at the RIGHT
TIME, in the RIGHT PLACE for the direct
BENEFIT or use of government,
Corporation or individuals, generally via a
contract.
- Wikipedia Encyclopedia
 WHAT IS PROCUREMENT (CONT’D)

• The overall process of acquiring goods,

works and services, from the
identification of need to contract
administration and through the end of
a services’ contract or the useful life of
an asset
- Procurement Manual, Bureau of Management,
office of legal and procurement support, Jan 2005.
 CORE OBJECTIVES OF PROCUREMENT

• Regulatory function of the procurement

Act 2007 is to achieve the following four
(4) core objectives:
- Economy and efficiency
- Competition – Providing level paying
ground for all strata of bidders
- Value for money
- Transparency and ethical standard.
 INSTITUTIONS AND STRUCTURES
• The National Council on Public
Procurement
• The Bureau for public procurement
(Industry Regulator)
• Recognized MDAs as PE’s
- Procurement Planning Committee
- Tender Board
- Accounting Officer
- Procurement
 THE BUREAU OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENTS AND
ITS FUNCTIONS
• Formulate general policies and guidelines relating to
public procurement for the approval of the council.
• Issue procurement rules with Council approval
• Publicize and explain the provisions of the Act
• Certify Federal Procurement prior to award subject
to thresholds approved by Council
• Supervise the implementation of established
procurement policies and rules
• Monitor prizes of tendered items and keep a
national data base of prizes (predictability).
 CONT’D…
• Publish details of major contracts in the
procurement journal (transparency)

• Publish paper and electronic copies of the

Procurement journal and maintain an archival
system for it (transparency)

• Collate and maintain an archival system of all

federal procurement plans and information
• Procurement Research and surveys

• Organizing Training and development for

Professionals
 CONT..
• Periodically review socio-economic effects of
procurement policies and advise the council

• Prepare and update standard bidding and contract

documents (predictability)

• Prevent fraudulent and unfair procurement.

• Perform Procurement Audit (accountability)

• Establish a single internet portal (primary and

definitive source of procurement information at all
times (transparency)
 POWERS OF THE BUREAU
• To enforce the monetary and review
thresholds approved by council.
• Issue certificate of no objection subject to
the thresholds and guidelines.
• Stipulate to PE’s the procedures and
documentation for no objection within the
approved threshold. (Clarity).
• Inspect and review a procurement process
to ensure compliance.
 POWER OF THE BUREAU CONT.
• Determine whether there has been
contravention of the act
• Debar supplier or service provider in
contravention of the act
• Maintain a national data base of contractors
and to the exclusion of PE’s prescribe
categorization and classification for the
companies in the register
• Apply sanctions
 Cont.
• Recommend to the Council
• The suspension of officers concerned with
procurement or disposal proceedings.
• The disciplining of accounting officer of any
procuring entity.
• Temporary transfer of procuring and disposal
functions of a PE to another entity or constant.
• Reference to ICPC or EFCC for investigation and
prosecution
• Issuance of variation orders
• Any other sanction that the Bureau may consider
appropriate.
 PRINCIPLES FOR PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
• Subject to set threshold the principles are based on:
 Prior procurement plans and prior budgetary
appropriation
 Procurement shall not be formalized until funds
are available
 There must be open competitive bidding
(exceptions)
 The process must be transparent, timely and ensure
accountability.
 Promote Competition Economy and efficiency
 Must be in accordance with the laws\rules issued
there from
 GENERAL QUALIFICATION OF BIDDERS
• Professional and Technical qualifications to
carry out particular procurement
• Financially capability
• Technical capability
• Qualified manpower
• Legal capacity to enter into contract
• Has no criminal records either directly or
indirectly
 GENERAL QUALIFICATION OF BIDDERS
(CONT..D)
• Have fulfilled all its obligations to pay taxes,
pensions contributions
• Not have any director who has been ‘convicted in
any country for any criminal offence relating to
fraud or financial impropriety.” etc.
• Accompany every bid with an affidavit of
disclosure-whether any officer of relevant MDA
or Bureau is a former or present Director,
Shareholder or has any pecuniary interest in any
bidder.
• Provide any documentary evidence or otherwise
required by the MDA as proof of its qualification.
 GROUNDS FOR DISQUALIFICATION OF BIDS AND
OR BIDDER
o Established evidence of promise or gift of money,
tangible item or other quantifiable benefit… (former or
current employee) of MDA or Bureau to influence
procurement
o A contractor failing to perform or exercise due care in
performance of a procurement contract in the
preceding three years.
o Bidder whose name is in the list of debarred
contractors
o In receivership or insolvency
o Failed to pay taxes or pension contribution
 CONT.
• Bidder is convicted and sentenced for a
procurement crime or one relating to
financial impropriety or;
• Has in its board, management or is owned
by a person so convicted.
• Bidder fails to submit a statement in
respect to its dominating or subsidiary
relationship with any other bidder.
PROCUREMENT PLANNING

WHAT IT ENTAILS
PROCUREMENT PLANNING (PPC) - (CONT.)
• Preparing the needs assessment & evaluation
• Identifying the goods, works or services required
• Carry out appropriate market and statistical
survey and on that basis prepare cost
implications of proposed procurement
• Aggregating its requirement to obtain economy
of scale and reduce procurement cost
• Specify standards of goods, works or services
• Specify qualifications of bidders
• Recommend method for procuring each item.
(Part V section 18 refers)
PROCUREMENT PLANNING COMMITTEE
(PPC) (Cont’d)

• In accordance with the Procurement Act

2007, part V section 18-21 subsection (1)
• which says “for each financial year, each
procuring entity (PE) shall establish a (PPC)
Procurement Planning Committee with
membership as follows:
PROCUREMENT PLANNING COMMITTEE (PPC)
(Cont’d)
• MEMBERSHIP
• Accounting officer or its representative to chair
the committee
• Procurement Unit- to serve as Secretary
• Unit directly in requirement of procurement
• Financial Unit of the MDA
• PRS Department of MDA
• Technical personnel of MDA with expertise in
the subject matter for each particular
procurement.
• Legal Unit of procuring entity.
 RESPONSIBILITY RESTS ON:

• Permanent Secretaries for the

Ministries;

• Directors- General/CEO of
Corporations/ Commissions

• Vice Chancellor/Provost/Rector of the

various institutions
 RESPONSIBILITIES OF ACCOUNTING
OFFICERS (CONT’D)
• Line Supervision of procurement (must not influence
outcomes).
• Constituting the Procurement Committee and its
decisions.
• Ensure that adequate appropriation is provided
specifically for the procurement in the Federal Budget.
• Integrates their entity’s procurement expenditure into
its yearly budget
• Ensure that no reduction of values or splitting of
procurement is carried out such as to evade the use of
the appropriate procurement method
• Constituting the Evaluation Committee
 RESPONSIBILITIES OF ACCOUNTING OFFICERS
(CONT’D)
• Ensure that the department is adequately staffed with
people with technical and Procurement expertise in
relation to the mandates of the Ministry.
• Ensure that the department is allowed free hand to
operate without undue directives that might affect the
integrity of the procurement process.
• Shall not influence in which ever manner the outcome of
the evaluation process
• Initiate disciplinary action against any person who
violates the provisions of the Act or regulations
• Encourage all staff to disregard any directive that is not in
consonance with the Regulations of the Act.
• Determining Complaints
 METHODS OF PROCUREMENT

• Open competitive Bidding (default Method) with

following exceptions
- Two Stage Tendering – part VII section 39
- Restricted Tendering - part VII section 40
- Request for proposals part VII section 41
- Emergency procurement Part VII section 42
– 43
- procurement of Consultant section 44 -52
 PRE-QUALIFICATION/EXPRESSION OF
INTEREST
• MDA’s that have decided the minimum
qualification of contractors or service
providers required for a particular
procurement can call for pre-qualification.
• Solicitation for Expression of interest by
newspaper advertisements.

• They must set out the precise criteria upon

which it will pre-qualify or shortlist and apply
 CONT’D
• Supply same set of pre-qualification
documents/ requirements to all contractors.
• Charge a price that reflects only costs of
printing and provision to contractors.
• For services, issuance of RFP follows short-
listing
( Request for proposal).
• The differences arising from the different
parameters for selection of winners.
PROCUREMENT IMPLEMENTCATION ALLOW (COMMON
STRATEGY-TB)
Section 19 of the Act provides that all PE’s should
implement THEIR Procurement plans in this order:
- Advertise for solicitation of bids in national newspapers and
federal tenders journal
• Invitation of TWO credible persons-representing a relevant
private sector professional body and non-governmental
anti-corruption organization to observe.

• Transparent Bid Opening Proceedings

• Transparent Examination & Evaluation Process

• Approval by the authority before award.

• Debrief the bid losers on request

 SUBMISSION OF BIDS
• All bids shall be deposited in secured tamper-proof
bid box.
• All procuring entities shall issue receipts showing
the dates and time Bids were delivered
• Any bid received after the deadline for the
submission shall not be opened and must be
returned to the supplier or contractor
• A supplier or contractor may withdraw or modify
his bid prior to the deadline for the submission of
bids and is effective so long as it is received by the
MDA before the deadline for the submission of
bids.
 OPENING OF BIDS
• Bidders must be permitted to examine envelopes to ensure
bids have not been tampered with.
• Bids must be opened in public with bidders in attendance
and any interested members of the public
• Bids must be opened immediately following the deadline
stipulated for submission
• Registration of names & addresses of all those present at
the bid opening indicating the organization they represent.
• Call to the hearing of all present and address of each
bidder, the total amount of each bid and bid currency, and
ensure they are recorded in Bid opening register by tender
board secretary or his nominee.
 BID EVALUATION
• Bid evaluation will generally be preceded by
examination of bids to ensure that the minimum
eligibility requirements are met, that the bid is
responsive and duly endorsed
• After opening of bids, information relating to
examination, clarification and evaluation of bids
and recommendations, concerning awards shall
not be disclosed to bidders or persons not
officially concerned with the evaluation process
until the successful bidder is notified of the
award.
 PURPOSE OF EVALUATION
• To determine and select the lowest
evaluated responsive bid. (Goods &Works)

• No other criteria shall be used except as

stipulated in the solicitation documents

• Prompt notice shall be given to the

contractor of any arithmetic errors that
are discovered during the examination of
tenders.
 CRITERIA FOR SELECTING WINNING
PROPOSALS
• The responsive proposal with the lowest price
in case of least cost selection, or

• The responsive bid or proposal with the best

combined evaluation in terms of criteria set
with respect to technical and price factors in
the case of quality and cost based selection, or

• The responsive bid with the highest technical

ranking within the budget goods, works and
services.
 PAYMENT TO CONTRACTORS (CONT’D)
• Mobilization fees- NOT COMPULSORY!
• Maximum of 15% Contract sum allowed, but
• On provision of UNCONDITIONAL Bank
guarantee or insurance Bound
• Performance Bond to be provided by
successful bidders.
• Delay in payment after 60 days of valuation
of certification attracts interest at a rate;
usually at CBN rate.
(Section 37 of the Act refers).
 ACCESS TO INFORMATION
• PE’s shall;
• Grant public access to information, after a tender
proposal, offer or bid has been accepted or proceedings
have been terminated without resulting in
procurement. Section 38 refers
• Provide for debriefing of Bid losers on request Section
(19e)
o All communications must be in writing
o PE’s (Procuring Entities) to submit records and
information on procurement to the Bureau in a
format determined by the bureau.
o Prior to selection of a winner, procurement
information can only be disclosed by leave of court.
 ACCESS TO INFORMATION CONT’D
• All unclassified records of procurement shall
be open to inspection by the public at the
cost of copying and certifying of the
documents as an administrative fee.

• The Bureau is to establish a single internet

portal which shall be a primary definitive
source of procurement information in the
country

• The Bureau shall publish details of all

Procurement contracts.
 DISPUTE RESOLUTION
• All complaints must first be addressed to the
Accounting officer.
• Accounting officer to decide complaint in
writing, addressed to complaint within 15
working days,
• Provides right of appeal to Bureau if there is
(Failure to decide or If unsatisfied by decision)
• Bureau has to decide in writing within 30
working days.
• Provides access to courts.
 DISPOSAL OF ASSETS
• Every procuring entity shall also be a
disposing entity
• Open Competitive Bidding shall be the
primary source of receiving offers for the
purchase of public property
• Methods of disposal shall include; sales
and hire purchase, licenses and tenancies,
franchise and auction
• Planning of disposal shall include valuation
by independent professional.
 OFFENCES
• Bid rigging – pre-arrangement of offers where
winners have been predetermined.
• Collusion
• Splitting of contracts
• Procurement fraud using undue influence,
favour, bribery
• Altering procurement documents
• Willful refusal to allow Bureau and its officers
access to any procurement records
• Using fake documents like TCC (TAX Clearance
Certificate), etc.
PENALTY FOR VIOLATORS (SANCTIONS)
• Debar any supplier or Contractor for a term-
as may be specified in the regulations.
• May recommend to Council for:
• Suspension of officers concerned;
• Replacement of Head of Procurement;
• Discipline the Accounting officer in charge;
• Temporary transfer of procuring function
of the Entity to a third party
PENALTY FOR VIOLATORS (CONT’D)
• Refer cases to ICPC or EFCC for investigation and
prosecution.
• Issuance of variation orders
• Any other sanction that the Bureau may consider
appropriate
• Contractors, suppliers, vendors
- Jail term of 5 calendar years but not more
that 10 years without option of fine
• For officers of the Bureau, MDAs
- not less than 5 calendar years but not more
that 10 years without option of fine.
- Summary Dismissal from Government Service
PENALTY FOR VIOLATORS (CONT’D)
• For Corporate Bodies
- Debarment from all public procurement for
a period of not less than 5 calendar years,
plus
- Fine equivalent to 25% of the value of the
procurement.
- Directors of the Company as listed in CAC
shall be liable to a jail term of not less than
3 calendar years but not exceeding 5 years
without option of fine.
 CONCLUSION
• The Public Procurement Act 2007,provides
the legal and institutional framework for
the enthronement of TRANSPARENCY,
ACCOUNTABILITY, VALUE FOR MONEY
and EFFICIENCY in the procurement of
works, goods and services within the
Federal Ministries, Extra Ministerial
Department and various Institutions.
 CONCLUSION CONT’D
- It is envisaged that with this system
in Government will reduce to the
barest minimum associated with
procurement matters will be
achieved.
- Every citizen of Nigeria has a role and
obligation under this act.
 CONCLUSION CONT’D
- A system like this one should help
the Federal Government to work more
efficiently and effectively with:
- Contractors
- Complete more projects
- Achieve value for money
- Improve infrastructure and lives of
all citizens.
 THANKS
FOR
LISTENING