INTERNET OF THINGS

(IOT) INTEGRATION
Opening Prayer
Heavenly Father,
Thank You for gathering us today as we explore the world of
innovation and technology. We ask for Your guidance and wisdom
as we learn about the Internet of Things.
May this session be filled with understanding, creativity, and
purpose. Help us use this knowledge to make life better for others,
and to be responsible stewards of the technologies You allow us to
discover.
Bless our minds, our hands, and our hearts.
In Jesus’ name, we pray. Amen.
Why We Explore IoT
In a world that’s rapidly changing, technology becomes more than
innovation — it becomes a bridge to a smarter, safer, and more
connected life.
The Internet of Things (IoT) empowers us to solve real-world
problems — from managing traffic and improving health care, to
building smarter homes and cities.
Today, we learn not just how things work, but how we can be part
of creating the future.”
"Let’s stay curious, be innovative, and aim to use technology for
the good of all."
TOPIC COVERED
• Basics of loT and its

architecture

• loT communication protocols

• Integrating lot devices and

What is IoT?
IoT stands for Internet of Things.
It refers to a system where everyday physical
objects are connected to the internet and can
collect, send, and receive data.
Examples: Smartwatches, smart home devices (like smart lights),
cars with GPS, temperature sensors, and more.
In simple terms: IoT is how machines talk to other machines —
and to humans — using the internet.
Understanding "Things" in Internet of
Things
Nowadays, Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the
most powerful technologies of modern era having the internet
as its backbone. Internet of Things or lot is something that is
used to communicate with physical objects. In easy words, we
can say that "Internet of Things is a technology which is used
to communicate between human and machine or a machine to
machine with the help of internet".
Here the word 'Things' refers to these machines or physical objects so it
becomes important to understand what kind of objects can be connected via
Internet. We can categories these objects into categories
1. Objects with intelligence or Smart Objects.
2. Objects without intelligence or Non-Smart
Objects.
Smart Objects in IoT
What are Smart Objects?
Smart objects are physical or digital items that are:
• Identifiable (they have a unique identity),
• Able to sense or actuate (detect or trigger changes),
• Capable of processing and storing data, and
• Able to communicate with other systems through networks.

The "things" in the Internet of Things (IoT) that can act

intelligently and interact with the environment or other devices.
Features of Smart Objects
1. Physical Shape - Every smart object should have
some tangible form a structure or size—so that it can
be physically deployed in a real-world setting (e.g., in
smart homes, factories, or cities).
2. Unique Identifier - Each smart object must have a
distinct identity, like a MAC address or device ID. This
allows for proper tracking, management, and data
association.
Features of Smart Objects
3. Communication Capabilities - It must have
communication capabilities so that it can -send or receive
data over internet or other networking technologies.
4. Unique Name and Address - Here the words, name,
and address refer to networking address of the object such
as IP address which is used for communication purposes.
The address should be unique_ in the whole internet
infrastructure. While the name is used by humans for
reasoning purposes.
Features of Smart Objects
5. Processing Powers - Smart Objects have some basic
computational and processing abilities to take decisions
accordingly the environment.
6. Sensing Capabilities
These include sensors that collect real-time data such as:
• Temperature
• Pressure
• Gas levels
• Motion
 We are surrounded by smart objects in our daily life.
For example, we all have our smartphones in our
pockets. Smart fridge, Smart TV, Alexa voice assistant
are some modern examples of smart objects which we
use in our daily life. Micro-controllers like Arduino can
be easily seen.
Features of
Smart Objects
Non-Smart Objects in
IoT
Non-smart objects are everyday electronic components or
devices that do not have a brain (meaning, no processor or
decision-making capability). They can sense or act, but they
cannot analyze, think, or communicate on their own—unless
connected to a smart system like an Arduino, ESP32, or
Raspberry Pi.
These are important in IoT because they collect or act on
data, and send it to a smart device that interprets or controls
them.
Sensors
Sensors are non-smart devices that only detect or
measure physical changes in the environment. They are like
the “eyes, ears, and nose” of an IoT system. But
remember—they cannot decide what to do with the data;
they just send it.
What They Do:
• Detect temperature, humidity, light, motion, gas, etc.
• Convert physical data into electrical signals.
• Pass this signal to a microcontroller (like Arduino/ESP32).
Example:
In a smart home, a temperature sensor (like DHT11 or
DHT22) is placed in the living room. It detects the room
temperature and sends this data to an ESP32. The ESP32
decides if it’s too hot and turns on the fan.
🛠 Common IoT Sensors:
• DHT11 – for temperature and humidity.
• MQ2 – for gas or smoke detection.
• LDR – for light intensity.
• Ultrasonic Sensor – for measuring distance (e.g.,
parking sensors).
Actuators
Actuators are non-smart devices that perform actions in
response to a command. Think of them as the “hands and
legs” of an IoT system. They don’t decide when to act—
they just do what the system tells them to.
They receive instructions from a smart controller (like
ESP32) and perform a physical action such as moving a
motor, making sound, blinking an LED, or opening a gate.
Types of Actuators:
a. Mechanical Actuators
These move or operate physical objects.
They're perfect when you want something to
physically respond to a sensor's reading
Types of Actuators:
Example:
A servo motor attached to a smart lock rotates to open
the door when the system detects the correct fingerprint.
Other examples:
• Servo motor (rotates to an angle)
• DC motor (spins continuously)
• Relay (switches high-power devices like fans or lights)
Types of Actuators:

b. Action-Based Actuators
These don’t move, but perform tasks
electronically, like alerting or notifying.
b. Action-Based Actuators
Example:
If gas is detected in a room, the system sends a text alert
or makes a buzzer sound. The buzzer and the SMS are
action-based actuators triggered by the system.
Other examples:
• Email notification system
• Buzzer for alarms
• LED that lights up as a warning
• Vibration motor in your phone
What are IoT Communication
Protocols?
IoT communication protocols are the ways IoT
devices "talk" to each other. Just like people
need a common language (like English or
Tagalog) to communicate, IoT devices use
protocols to send or receive data. These
protocols define how data is transferred, how
1. WiFi

WiFi is the most common and widely used

protocol, especially in homes and schools. It
offers high-speed data transfer, but it uses a lot
of power, so it's best for devices connected to
electricity (not battery-powered).
Example
Let’s say you have a smart weather station (with sensors for
temperature, humidity, and rain) on your school rooftop. It uses
WiFi to connect to your school's router and sends live data to your
website or a mobile app. You can log in anytime and see if it's
about to rain or how hot it is.
Projects using WiFi
• ESP32 sending sensor data to a web app.
• Security cameras or smart doorbells.
Example
2. Bluetooth

Bluetooth is for short-distance communication

(usually within 10 meters). It uses less power
than WiFi and is good for personal gadgets or
wearables.
Example
You have a smartwatch that connects to your phone. The watch
records your steps, heart rate, and sleep data. When it’s near your
phone, it sends the data via Bluetooth. It doesn't need the internet,
just the short connection.

Projects using Bluetooth

• Arduino with Bluetooth module (like HC-05) sending
temperature data to a mobile app.
• Smart plant pots that alert your phone when the plant is dry.
Example
3. Zigbee

Zigbee is made for smart home systems. It uses

very little power and works in mesh networks,
where devices talk to each other and extend the
signal range. It’s more reliable for homes with
many devices.
Example
You install smart light bulbs in every room. You use your phone to
control brightness or turn them on/off. Zigbee helps all these bulbs
stay connected even if one room is far from the central controller.
The signal hops from one bulb to another.

Projects using Bluetooth

• Arduino with Bluetooth module (like HC-05) sending
temperature data to a mobile app.
• Smart plant pots that alert your phone when the plant is dry.
Example
4. MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry
Transport)
MQTT is designed for sending simple data (like
sensor values) over the internet. It’s very light
and fast, perfect for IoT. Devices “publish” data
to a broker, and others “subscribe” to it. Great
for remote monitoring.
Example
You build a farm monitoring system using an ESP8266. It collects
temperature and soil moisture. It uses MQTT to send the data to
your cloud server every 10 seconds. You open your phone and see
live updates of your crops’ health.

Projects using MQTT

• ESP32 publishing GPS location to an MQTT broker.

• Weather stations reporting data to a mobile app.
Example
5. Z-Wave

Z-Wave is like Zigbee. It uses low power radio

frequencies and is great for home automation,
like controlling lights, doors, and alarms. It's
more secure and has good range but supports
fewer devices than Zigbee.
Example
Imagine you’re in bed and forgot to lock your door. With a Z-Wave
smart lock, you press a button on your phone, and the door locks.
All this happens securely through a Z-Wave network, even if there
are walls in between.

Projects using Z-Wave

• Smart security system.

• Automatic light controllers.
Example
6. Cellular (GSM/3G/4G)

Cellular protocols use SIM cards (like your

phone) to send data over long distances. They’re
great for mobile or remote IoT systems where
there’s no WiFi.
Example
A school bus tracking system has a GPS module and a GSM
(SIM800L) module. The GPS finds the location, and the GSM sends
it over the internet to a map on your website. Parents can check
the bus location anytime.

Projects using GSM

• Vehicle trackers.
• Remote water level sensors in rivers.
Example
7. NFC (Near Field Communication)

NFC works when two devices are very close—

usually just a few centimeters apart. It uses
electromagnetic fields to transfer data. It’s used
for security and contactless interactions.
Example
At a school gate, students tap their NFC ID cards on a reader. The
reader logs the student’s entry time into the system. No need for
QR codes or typing names.

Projects using NFC

• Attendance systems.
• Smart lockers or doors.
Example
8. LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area
Network)

LoRaWAN is perfect when you need to connect

sensors that are far away and don’t have access
to WiFi or power. It uses very little energy and
can work kilometers away from a gateway.
Example
You place flood sensors along a river in your province. Each sensor
uses LoRa to send alerts to a central base station (gateway), which
uploads the data to the internet. If water rises above a limit, it
alerts everyone.
Projects using LoRa

• Disaster monitoring.
• Agriculture sensors across wide fields.
9. Sigfox

Sigfox is another long-range, low-power

protocol. It’s good for devices that send small
amounts of data occasionally, and can last for
years on a battery.
Example
You install motion sensors in remote mountain areas to detect
landslides. The device sends data once every hour using Sigfox. It
works for months without charging!

Projects using Sigfox

• Remote disaster alert systems.

• Wildlife or forest monitoring.
Example
Example
 IoT integration
It's the process of connecting sensors and
objects with one another and with your
applications and databases. Once connected,
you can implement end-to-end automations that
help you make full use of your equipment
IoT integration
Examples of loT integration
Prevent windmills from overheating
Left unattended, a windmill's generator can
overheat and, eventually, explode and cause fires.
To ensure this doesn't happen, you can use
sensors inside a windmill that monitor the
generator and send temperature readings once per
second to an loT hub, or a computer that resides
close to the windmills. The computer consolidates
Examples of loT integration
Prevent windmills from overheating

and then streams it to a consolidated data store (or

a time-series database). That data is then added to
an analytics or BI tool, where employees can run
queries, uncover insights, and monitor the
temperatures of the windmills' generators.
Examples of loT integration
Prevent windmills from overheating
Since relying on people to monitor and analyze
the windmills' temperatures at all hours is
expensive, difficult, and unpleasant, you can lean
on automation for support. For example, you can
build an automation where if a generator were to
reach a certain temperature, an IoT switch would
temporarily turn it off
Examples of loT integration
Replace oil pumps proactively

Oil companies should identify when certain pumps

need to be replaced well before they're unfit for
use. Otherwise, these organizations could be
dealing with unused oil wells for extended periods
of time.
Examples of loT integration
Replace oil pumps proactively
To help oil companies identify the ones that are
reaching their expiration, they can put sensors in
the pumps that monitor certain health signals, such
as the speed at which a pump is rotating.
Once these signals reveal that a pump is near
the end of its use, you can trigger an automation
where a work order is automatically created for
replacing it
Benefits of IoT Integration
✅ 1. Lower Costs

IoT helps save money by avoiding breakdowns

before they happen.
Example: In an oil company, if sensors detect a
weak pump early, it can be replaced in hours
instead of stopping oil production for days. This
saves millions in the long run.
Benefits of IoT Integration
⚠️2. Reduced Risks

IoT helps prevent accidents by spotting danger

early.
Example: In a windmill, sensors can detect when a
generator gets too hot. Without this, it might catch
fire, damaging equipment and putting workers in
danger.
Benefits of IoT Integration
💼 3. Happier Clients

IoT lets you surprise customers with better service.

Example: If a sensor shows a customer’s POS

machine is slowing down, you can send a

replacement before it breaks. This makes

customers feel valued and supported.

Benefits of IoT Integration
4. Easier Work for Employees

IoT can handle repetitive monitoring, so workers

can focus on more important tasks.
Example: Instead of checking sensor data all day,
the system alerts employees only when something
really needs attention—like shipping out a
replacement device.