ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY: Part- 8
Prof.(Mrs.) Pramila K. Misra
School of Chemistry
Sambalpur University
Jyoti Vihar
Course No. :CHP-506
Subject Title:Spectroscopy
UNIT-I: ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
The electromagnetic spectrum, A general
discussion on various molecular excitation
processes, Spectra of hydrogen atom and
hydrogen like atoms, alkali metals
spectra, L-S coupling, Term symbols,
Space quantisation, Zeeman effect, Stark
effect, Paschen-Back effect.
Book :Spectroscopy Volume I by Walker &
Straw
Zeeman effect
• Zeeman effect was discovered by Dutch scientist, Pieter Zeeman in 1896.
This effect is a vivid confirmation of the space quantization.
• The splitting of spectral lines in presence of magnetic field is called Zeeman
effect. The energy state is split into more than one energy state resulting in
the absorption of different energies.
• Hydrogen atom shows single spectral line in each series. However, with an
instrument of high resolving power, the spectral lines are seen to be
consisted of two lines. These are called fine structures. But in presence of
magnetic field each spectral line is again split into two lines. These are called
hyperfine structures.
• When an external field is applied the atomic magnet interacts with the applied
field resulting in splitting of its ground state E into different energy state
depending on the orientation of the atomic magnetic moment vector.
Normal Zeeman effect
• Zeeman effect is of two types: Normal Zeeman effect and Anomalous
Zeeman effect.
• .If a homogeneous magnetic field of the order 3000-30,000 orested is
applied , precession of motion takes place about the direction of field.
• Orested: identical to dyne/Maxwell
• 1 Maxwell= 1 gauss x cm2 =108 Weber unit
• Maxwell= Magnetic flux measured in CGS system.
• The energy of the electron can be calculated in the following manner.
Let E0 be the energy of the atom in absence of the field.
be energy of the atom in presence of the field
These lines are thus symmetrical about the central line and at a frequency
separation of L
For a perpendicular observation three lines are seen, But parallel observer can
only see two lines. i.e
Problems
1. Calculate the natural unit of angular momentum(Hint: Ans. 1.054 x 10 -34
Js.)
2. What is the angular momentum of ‘s’ and ‘p’ state? S= 0, spherical, For p =
3. The angular momentum of an electron having angular quantum number 2 is,
Problems
5. A sample of certain element is placed in a 0.300 T magnetic field and
suitably excited . How far apart are the Zeeman components of the 450 nm
spectral line of this element?
Problems
5. A sample of certain element is placed in a 0.300 T magnetic field and
suitably excited . How far apart are the Zeeman components of the 450 nm
spectral line of this element? (Ans. 0.00283 nm)
6. Find the minimum magnetic field needed for the Zeeman effect to be
observed in a spectral line of 400 nm wavelength when a spectrometer of
having resolution 0.01 nm is used.(Ans. 1.34 T)
7. Calculate the Zeeman shift observed in a normal Zeeman effect when a
spectral line of =5000 Å is subjected to the magnetic field of 0.9 b/m2.
(Ans.4.67 pm)
8. The Zeeman components of a 500 nm spectral line are 0.0116 nm apart
when the magnetic field is 1.00 T. Find the ratio e/m for the electron from
these data.
End of class-8
