MATHEMATICAL
STATISTICS FOR IT
ACTIVITY 15: T-TEST ON THE
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE
POPULATION MEAN AND THE SAMPLE
MEAN
t-test on the Comparison between the
Population Mean and the Sample Mean
The t-test can be used to compare
mean (𝜇) is known but the
the means when the population
population standard deviation (𝜎) is
unknown.
t-test on the Comparison between the
Population Mean and the Sample Mean
When the population standard
deviation is unknown but the
sample standard deviation can be
computed, the t-test can also be
used instead of the z-test. The
formula is given below:
t-test on the Comparison between the
Population Mean and the Sample Mean
The denominator of the formula, s,
divided by the for t is called the
standard error of the statistic. It is
the standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of a statistic
for random samples n.
t-test on the Comparison between the
Population Mean and the Sample Mean
Decision Rule: Reject Ho if .
Example 1
The average length of time for
people to vote using the old
procedure during a presidential
election period in precinct A is 55
minutes.
Example 1
Using computerization as a new
election method, a random sample
of 20 registrants was used and
found to have a mean length of
voting time of 30 minutes with a
standard deviation of 1.5 minutes.
Example 1
Test the significance of the
difference between the population
mean and the sample mean.
Solution:
: There is no significant difference
between the population and sample
mean of length of time for people
to vote using the old and new
procedure.
Solution:
: There is a significant difference
between the population and sample
mean length of time for people to
vote using the old and new
procedure.
Solution:
𝛼 = 0.05, one-tailed, left tail
Use t-test as test statistic.
Computation:
Solution:
df= n – 1 = 20 – 1 = 19
Tabular Value: t = 1.729
Decision Rule: Reject Ho if .
Solution:
Since the computed|𝑡|, which is
74.54, is greater than , which is
1.729, therefore, reject .
Solution:
Hence, there is a significant
difference between the population
and sample mean length of time for
people to vote using the old and
new procedure. It implies that using
computerization method in election
gives short period of time to vote
compare to the old procedure.
Example 2
An experiment study was
conducted by a researcher to
determine if a new time slot has an
effect on the performance of pupils
in Mathematics. Fifteen randomly
selected learners participated in
the study.
Example 2
Toward the end of the
investigations, a standardized
assessment was conducted. The
sample mean was 85 and the
standard deviation of 3. In the
standardization of the test, the
mean was 75 and the standard
deviation was 10.
Example 2
Based on the evidence at hand, is
the new time slot effective? Use 5%
level of significance.
Solution:
:There is no significant difference
between the population and sample
mean of performance in
Mathematics in a new time slot.
Solution:
: There is a significant difference
between the population and sample
mean of performance in
Mathematics in a new time slot.
Solution:
𝛼 = 0.05, one-tailed, right tail
Use t-test as test statistic.
Computation:
Solution:
df= n – 1 = 15 – 1 = 14
Tabular Value: t = 1.761
Decision Rule: Reject Ho if .
Solution:
Since the computed|𝑡|, which is
12.91, is greater than , which is
1.761, therefore, reject . Hence,
there is a significant difference
between the population and sample
mean of performance in
Mathematics in a new time slot.
Solution:
It implies that there is an effect of
students’ performance in
Mathematics when it changed the
time slot.
“ There are two possible two outcomes: If
the result confirms the hypothesis, then
you’ve made a measurement. If the
result is contrary to the hypothesis,
then you’ve made a discovery.
ENRICO FERMI
”
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS US ALL!!!
