Department of Computer Science and Information Technology

Central University of Jammu

Internet of Things - BECSE3C010 / BECCS3C010

Credits – 4 (L:3, P:1)

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Internet of Things(IoT)

PPT 1

Instructor
Zakir Ahmad Sheikh
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology
Central University of Jammu
[email protected]
 Central University of Jammu
Introduction to Internet of Things
• Thing in English has number of uses and meanings.
• In a dictionary, thing is a word used to refer to a physical object, an action
or idea, a situation or activity, in case when one does not wish to be
precise.
• Physical Object: Door, Streetlight, Fan, etc.
• Action: Such a thing was not expected from him.
• Situation: Such things were in plenty in that regime.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
Definition 1
• Internet of Things means a network of physical things (objects)
sending, receiving, or communicating information using the Internet or
other communication technologies and network just as the computers,
tablets and mobiles do, and thus enabling the monitoring, coordinating
or controlling process across the Internet or another data network.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
Definition 2
• A dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring
capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication
protocols where physical and virtual "things" have identities, physical
attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are
seamlessly integrated into the information network, often communicate
data associated with users and their environments.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
Introduction to IoT
• Internet of Things (IoT) comprises things that have unique identities and
are connected to the Internet.
• While many existing devices, such as networked computers or 4G/5G-
enabled mobile phones, already have some form of unique identities and
are also connected to Internet, the focus on IoT is the configuration,
control, and networking via the Internet of devices or things that are
traditionally not associated with the Internet.
• These include devices such as bluetooth-connected headsets, irrigation
pumps and sensors, control circuits for an electric car's engine.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
Introduction to IoT Contd.
• IoT extends beyond
connecting devices,
appliances, and machines
to the Internet.
Data Information Knowledge
• Enables communication
• Raw and • Inferred from • Inferred from
and data exchange unprocessed
collected from
data by
filtering,
information by
organizing and
between devices for IoT Devices processing,
categorizing,
structuring
information
meaningful applications. condensing,
and
and is put into
action to
contextualizing achieve specific
• Data includes control, objectives

user-related, and
operational information.
• Data becomes useful when
contextualized and
processed into
information.
Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
Introduction to IoT Contd.
• IoT applications:
• Extract and filter raw data.
• Process,
• categorize,
Data Information Knowledge
• Condense (summarizing),
• Raw and • Inferred from • Inferred from
and unprocessed data by information by
collected from filtering, organizing and
• contextualize data. IoT Devices processing, structuring
categorizing, information
• Structured information helps: condensing,
and
and is put into
action to
contextualizing achieve specific
• Infer knowledge about the objectives

system, users, and

Figure 1. IoT data, information and knowledge
environment.
• Enhance operations and
achieve objectives for
smarter performance.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
Characteristics of IoT
• Dynamic & Self-Adapting
• Self-Configuring
• Interoperable Communication Protocols
• Unique Identity
• Integrated into Information Network

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
1. Dynamic & Self-Adapting
• IoT devices can adjust automatically to changes in their environment or
tasks.
• Adaptation happens in real time without manual intervention.
• Key Features:
• Real-time monitoring and response.
• No manual adjustments required.

• Examples:
• A smart thermostat adjusts cooling or heating based on weather changes
and user preferences.
• Smart streetlights brighten when detecting motion at night and dim during
inactivity.
• Fitness trackers adapt goals based on a user’s daily activity and suggest
personalized routines.
• Smart sprinklers adjust watering schedules based on soil moisture and
weather forecasts.
Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
2. Self Configuring
• Devices automatically configure themselves when added to the network.
• Eliminates the need for complex setup processes.
• Key Features:
• Plug-and-play functionality.
• Automatic software updates and setup.

• Examples:
• A smart bulb connects to a home hub and configures brightness and
schedules on its own.
• A robot vacuum maps the layout of a home upon setup and creates an
optimized cleaning route.
• A smart router identifies and prioritizes devices on the network for better
connectivity.
• Wearable devices, like smartwatches, automatically sync with smartphones
for notifications and health data.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
3. Interoperable Communication Protocols
• Devices from different manufacturers work together using standardized
protocols.
• Ensures seamless data exchange across devices and platforms.
• Key Features:
• Promotes device compatibility.
• Ensures smooth data exchange.

• Examples:
• Smart home ecosystems: A Zigbee-enabled smart plug communicates with
Alexa or Google Assistant for voice commands.
• Healthcare devices: A fitness band using Bluetooth shares data with a
health app on a smartphone.
• Industrial IoT systems: Machines use MQTT or CoAP protocols to send
performance data to central monitoring systems.
• Smart cars: Use V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) protocols to communicate
with traffic lights, nearby vehicles, and road infrastructure.
Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
4. Unique Identity
• Each IoT device has a unique ID (e.g., IP address or MAC address) for
identification and communication.
• Prevents conflicts and ensures secure device management.
• Key Features:
• Ensures device recognition and tracking.
• Supports device-specific operations.

• Examples:
• A smart fridge with a unique ID orders groceries when inventory is low.
• A security camera streams video only to authenticated users, identified
through its unique ID.
• Asset tracking devices in logistics identify specific shipments and monitor
their location.
• Connected vehicles have unique IDs for accessing over-the-air software
updates.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
5. Integrated into Information Network
• IoT devices connect to a centralized network to share and analyze data.
• Supports decision-making through real-time monitoring and insights.
• Key Features:
• Centralized data collection and analysis.
• Real-time monitoring and control.

• Examples:
• Smart cities: IoT-enabled traffic sensors send data to a central network to
manage congestion and optimize routes.
• Healthcare systems: IoT devices like ECG monitors send patient vitals to a
hospital network for remote diagnosis.
• Agriculture: Sensors measure soil moisture, weather conditions, and crop
health, sharing data with a central dashboard for precision farming.
• Energy management: Smart meters track electricity usage and share data
with utility providers to optimize energy distribution.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Central University of Jammu
References
1. Arshdeep Bahga, Vijay Madisetti, "Internet of Things: A Hands-On Approach",
Universities Press, 2014.
2. Raj Kamal, "Internet of Things: Architecture and Design Principles", McGraw Hill
Education, 2017.
3. David Hanes, Gonzalo Salgueiro, Patrick Grossetete, Jerome Henry, Rob Barton, "IoT
Fundamentals: Networking Technologies, Protocols, and Use Cases for the Internet of
Things", Cisco Press, 2017.
4. Greg Dunko, Joydeep Misra, Josh Robertson, Tom Snyder, “A Reference Guide to the
Internet of Things”, Bridgera LLC, 2017.
5. Pethuru Raj, Anupama C. Raman, “The Internet of Things: Enabling Technologies,
Platforms, and Use Cases”, CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group), 2017.
6. Bassi Alessandro, Martin Bauer, Martin Fiedler, Thorsten Kramp, Rob Van Kranenburg,
Sebastian Lange, Stefan Meissner, “Enabling Things to Talk: Designing IoT Solutions with
TheIoT Architectural Reference Model”, Springer Nature, 2013.

Instructor: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu
 Thank You

Prepared By: Mr. Zakir Ahmad Sheikh, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and IT, Central University of Jammu