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4 views10 pages

lec 01 b

Uploaded by

youzii2004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Automata Theory and Formal

Languages

Software Engineering Batch 2018


Lec: 01 b

1
Lecture 2
Defining Languages

 The languages can be defined in different


ways , such as Descriptive definition,
Recursive definition, using Regular
Expressions(RE) and using Finite
Automaton(FA) etc.

 Descriptive definition of language:


 The language is defined, describing
the conditions imposed on its words.
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 Example:
The language L of strings of odd length,
defined over Σ={a}, can be written as
L={a, aaa, aaaaa,…..}
 Example:
The language L of strings that does not
start with a, defined over Σ={a,b,c}, can
be written as
L={b, c, ba, bb, bc, ca, cb, cc, …}

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 Example:
The language L of strings of length 2,
defined over Σ={0,1,2}, can be written as
L={00, 01, 02,10, 11,12,20,21,22}
 Example:
The language L of strings ending in 0,
defined over Σ ={0,1}, can be written as
L={0,00,10,000,010,100,110,…}

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 Example: The language EQUAL, of strings
with number of a’s equal to number of b’s,
defined over Σ={a,b}, can be written as
{Λ ,ab,aabb,abab,baba,abba,…}
 Example: The language EVEN-EVEN, of
strings with even number of a’s and even
number of b’s, defined over Σ={a,b}, can
be written as
{Λ, aa, bb, aaaa,aabb,abab, abba, baab,
baba, bbaa, bbbb,…}
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 Example: The language INTEGER, of
strings defined over
Σ={-,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}, can be written
as
INTEGER = {…,-2,-1,0,1,2,…}
 Example: The language EVEN, of stings
defined over Σ={-,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9},
can be written as
EVEN = { …,-4,-2,0,2,4,…}
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 Example: The language {anbn }, of strings
defined over Σ={a,b}, as
{an bn : n=1,2,3,…}, can be written as
{ab, aabb, aaabbb,aaaabbbb,…}

 Example: The language {anbnan }, of strings


defined over Σ={a,b}, as
{an bn an: n=1,2,3,…}, can be written as
{aba, aabbaa, aaabbbaaa,aaaabbbbaaaa,
…}
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 Example: The language factorial, of strings
defined over Σ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} i.e.
{1,2,6,24,120,…}
 Example: The language FACTORIAL, of
strings defined over Σ={a}, as
{an! : n=1,2,3,…}, can be written as
{a,aa,aaaaaa,…}. It is to be noted that
the language FACTORIAL can be defined
over any single letter alphabet.

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 Example: The language
DOUBLEFACTORIAL, of strings defined
over Σ={a, b}, as
{an!bn! : n=1,2,3,…}, can be written as
{ab, aabb, aaaaaabbbbbb,…}
 Example: The language SQUARE, of strings
defined over Σ={a}, as
n2
{a : n=1,2,3,…}, can be written as
{a, aaaa, aaaaaaaaa,…}
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Example: The language
DOUBLESQUARE, of strings defined
over Σ={a,b}, as
n2 n2
{a b : n=1,2,3,…}, can be written
as
{ab, aaaabbbb,
aaaaaaaaabbbbbbbbb,…}

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