Control Flow Statements
In programming languages, flow control means the order in which
the statements or instructions, that we write, get executed.
Types of Flow Control
If statements
syntax
if <conditional expression> :
The code block to be executed
if the condition is True
Example code in if statement
a = 33 a = 20
if a>0:
b = 200 print("Its Positive")
if b > a: Output:
print("b is greater than a") Its Positive
Output:r b is greater than a than ab is if a<o:
print("Its Negative")
greater((or)
a = 33 Observer that print was not executed because condition
didn’t evaluate to true.
b = 200
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
Ooutput:? Error(why?) grt
If statement, without indentation (will raise
an error):
• b is greater than a
number = 10 # Example number
Even number if number % 2 == 0:
print print(“even number”)
Output:
Even number
User input
num = float(input("Enter a number that you want to check it is divisible by 2 or not: "))
if num % 2 == 0:
print(num, " is divisible by 2.")
if num % 2 != 0:
print(num, " is not divisible by 2.")
If-else
if (condition):
# Executes this block if
# condition is true
else:
# Executes this block if
# condition is false
Example program:
• number = int(input("Enter a number: ")) # User input
• if number % 2 == 0:
• print(f"{number} is an even number.")
• else:
• print(f"{number} is not an even number.")
Odd or even
• number = int(input("Enter a number: ")) # User input
• if number % 2 == 0:
• print(“even number.")
• else:
• print(“odd number.")
If-elif-else
if (condition):
# Executes this block if
# condition is true
Elif(condition)
# Executes this block if
# condition is true
else:
# Executes this block if
# condition is false
example
number = int(input("Enter a number: ")) # User input
if number == 0:
print("The number is zero.")
elif number % 2 == 0:
print(“even number.")
else:
print(“odd number.")
Nested if
if
boolean_expressi
on1: statement(s)
if
boolean_expressi
on2: statement(s)
# Get user input for grade and attendance
grade = int(input("Enter your grade: "))
attendance = int(input("Enter your attendance percentage: "))
# Determine academic status using nested if statements
if grade >= 60:
if attendance >= 80:
print("You passed the course!")
else:
print("You passed the course, but you need to improve your attendance.")
else:
if attendance >= 80:
print("You failed the course, but your attendance was good.")
else:
print("You failed the course and your attendance needs improvement.")
Output:
Enter your grade: 70
Enter your attendance percentage: 90
You passed the course!
INTRODUCTION TO LOOPS
Loops are control structures in Python that allow the
execution of a block of code repeatedly.
It helps in automating repetitive tasks and iterating over a
sequence of elements.
TYPES OF LOOPS
15
WHILE LOOP
A while loop is a control flow structure in Python
that allows a block of code to be executed
repeatedly as long as a specified condition is true.
while condition:
# Code block to be executed
SYNTAX
17
FLOWCHART OF WHILE LOOP
Enter the while loop
False
Expression
True
Statement(s)
Exit from the
While loop
18
1) Print i as long as i is less than 6?
i = 1 1
while i < 6: 2
print(i) 3
i += 1 4
5
The break Statement
With the break statement we can stop the loop even if the while condition is
true:
2)Exit the loop when i is 3?
i = 1
while i < 6: 1
print(i) 2
if i == 3: 3
break
i += 1
The continue Statement
With the continue statement we can stop the current iteration, and
continue with the next:
Continue to the next iteration if i is 3:
i = 0
while i < 6: 1
i += 1 2
if i == 3: 4
continue 5
print(i) 6 Note that number 3 is missing in the result
INFINITE LOOPS in PYTHON
Hello
while True:
Hello
print("Hello")
Hello
.
.
.
.
FOR LOOP
The for loop iterates over each item in the
specified sequence, executing the code block for
each iteration.
for variable in sequence:
# Code block to be executed
SYNTAX
21
FLOWCHART OF FOR LOOP
For Each Item In Sequence
True
Expression
False
Statement(s)
Exit from the
FOR loop
22
1)Example: Printing elements of a list
x = [10, 20, 30, "Python"] 10
for i in x: 20
print(i) 30
Python
2)Printing characters from a string
x= "python" p
for ch in x: y
print(ch) t
h
o
n
3)Printing elements by using range() function and for loop
for x in range(1, 5):
1
print(x)
2
3
4
pass statement
a=10
b=20
if a==b:
pass
else:
print("equal")
