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Airport Lec8

The document discusses wind characteristics and runway orientation in airport engineering, emphasizing the importance of aligning runways with prevailing wind conditions to ensure safe aircraft operations. It details the allowable crosswind components based on runway lengths and the use of wind roses for graphical analysis of wind patterns. The ICAO guidelines recommend achieving at least 95% wind coverage for optimal runway usage.

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Kanish Sharma
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7 views10 pages

Airport Lec8

The document discusses wind characteristics and runway orientation in airport engineering, emphasizing the importance of aligning runways with prevailing wind conditions to ensure safe aircraft operations. It details the allowable crosswind components based on runway lengths and the use of wind roses for graphical analysis of wind patterns. The ICAO guidelines recommend achieving at least 95% wind coverage for optimal runway usage.

Uploaded by

Kanish Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Airport Engineering

Lecture 8

Dr. Deotima Mukherjee


PEC, Chandigarh
Wind Characteristics
• Calm period: period for which the wind velocity is < 6.4 kmph

• Wind coverage: Percentage of time during which the crosswind


component is within allowable limit
Runway Orientation
• Orientation of a runway is defined by the direction of the operations
performed by aircraft on the runway, relative to magnetic north
• Typically, oriented that the runway may be used in either direction
• Runways are typically oriented based on the area’s wind conditions
• Primary runway is closely oriented in the direction of the prevailing winds
• ICAO recommends that runways to be oriented so that aircraft may be landed
at least 95 % of time with allowable crosswind components
• If wind coverage is less than 95 %, a crosswind runway is recommended
Runway Orientation
• ICAO specifies allowable crosswind component as:
• 20 kn (23 mph OR 37.04 kmph) for runway lengths > 1500 m
• 13 kn (15 mph OR 24.076 kmph) for runway lengths between 1200 & 1500 m
• 10 kn (11.5 mph OR 18.52 kmph) for runway lengths < 1200 m

• Desirable direction of runways for wind coverage can be determined by


examining under the following conditions:
• Entire wind coverage regardless of visibility or cloud ceiling (all weather conditions)
• Wind conditions when the ceiling is at least 1000 ft & the visibility is at least 3 mi
(good weather conditions)
• Wind conditions when ceiling is between 200 & 1000 ft and/or the visibility is
between ½ & 3 mi
Wind Rose
• Orientation of the runway is determined through graphical vector
analysis using wind rose
• Two types:
• Type 1: Shows direction & duration
• Type 2 : Shows direction, duration & intensity
• A standard wind rose consists of a series of concentric circles cut by
radial lines using polar coordinate graph paper
• Concentric circles are drawn to the scale of the wind
magnitude/duration
• Area between each pair of successive lines is centered on wind direction
for Type 2
Wind Rose

Type 1 Wind Rose Diagram Type 2 Wind Rose Diagram


Wind Rose
Wind Rose
• A template is drawn to same radial scale representing crosswind
component limits
• Middle line represents the runway centerline
• Template is placed over the wind rose in such that the centerline on
the template passes through the center of the wind rose

• Determine % of time a runway in the


direction of the centerline of the template
can be used such that the crosswind
component limit does not exceed
• Template is rotated until the sum of %
included between the outer lines is maximum
Wind Rose

90o - 270o: Operations 90.8 % of time 30o - 210o: Add. operations 5.8 % of time
Wind Rose
Red marked portion covers the
additional 5.8 %

This will be direction of crosswind


runway
Total wind coverage for both
runways is 96.6 %

In total now >95% allowable limit

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