Placentation in
Mammals
Presented by
Siddhi Topwal
B.Sc VI sem
Introduction
A placenta is a temporary organ
that connects the developing
foetus via the umbilical cord to the
intrauterine wall to allow nutrient
uptake, thermo-regulation, waste
elimination, and gas exchange
through the mother’s blood supply;
to fight against internal infection,
and to produce hormones which
support pregnancy.
• FOETAL PLACENTA:. It is
formed by the extra
embryonic membranes
(chorion , allantois or yolk
ac) from tissues of embryo.
Chorion is the principal
component of foetal
placenta.
• MATERNAL PLACENTA: It
is formed only by a single
component i.e., uterine’s
endometrium.
Classifica
tion
Based
On
Degree
Of
Intimac
y
decidu • This occurs in most mammals where the
blastocysts lie in the uterine cavity. At the point
of contact with the wall of the uterus, the
ous blastocyst surface gives out finger- like projection
called chorionic villi that penetrate into the
Placent depression of the uterine wall and are loosely
united. At the time of birth, the chorionic villi
a simply withdraw from the cavities of the uterine
wall without causing any damage or bleeding. It
is formed in pig, cattle, horse, etc.
• In this type, the degree of intimacy between the
chorionic villi and the endometrium is greatly
Decidu
increased. The uterine wall gets eroded. The
chorionic villi fuse with the eroded uterine
ous
mucosa. Such placenta is known as true
placenta. At the time of birth, the uterine wall Placent
does not remain intact. It tears away and
extensive haemorrhage takes place. The
phenomenon of shedding ad replacement of
a
maternal tissue is termed as decidua. It is found
in man, cat, dogs, rodents, etc.
Contra
– • A somewhat modified type of deciduate placenta
Decidu is seen in Parameles and Talpa (mole), where
there is a loss of both maternal tissues as well as
ate foetal portion of placenta due to in-situ
absorption by maternal leucocytes. Such a
placenta is known as contra - deciduate placenta.
Superficial
Implantatio
n
Based on Eccentric
the Mode Implantatio
of n
Implanta
tion
Interstitial
Implantation
Central or Interstitial
superficial Eccentric Implantation : The
Implantation : The Implantation : The embryo burrows into
chorionic sac of the blastocysts in its early the uterine mucosa
embryo grows and stage come to lie below the epithelium
makes superficial between the uterine and becomes
attachment with the surrounded completely
epithelial folds or
uterine mucosa. This by the endometrial
pockets and this type of
type of implantation is tissue of the uterus.
implantation is called
called central or This type of
superficial implantation eccentric implantation. implantation is called
and the embryo The epithelial folds at a interstitial
remains within the later stage, encloses the implantation. It is
lumen of the uterus. It blastocyst completely. It found in hedgehog,
is found in ungulates, is found in mouse, rat , guinea pig, bats,
carnivores and beaver, etc. chimpanzee, man, etc.
monkeys, etc.
Classification
based on the
Distribution of
Villi on
Chorion
Diffused Zonary
Placenta : The placenta : The villi
villi are numerous and are confined to an annular
are scattered uniformly or girdle-like zone on the
over the whole of chorion. Such placenta
chorion. It is seen in occurs in carnivores and
ungulates and in maybe of either
cetacea. incomplete zonary ( e.g.
Cotyledonary raccoon ) or complete
zonary (e.g. dog, cat, seal,
Placenta : The villi Discoidal
etc. ) type.
becomes aggregated in Placenta : The
special regions or patches villi become restricted to
to form small tufts. The rest a circular disc or plate
part of the chorion surface area on the dorsal
remains smooth. It is seen surface of blastocyst.
in ruminant ungulates such Such a placenta is seen
as cattle, sheep, deer etc. in insectivores, bats,
rodents, rabbit, man and
1
Epitheliochor
3
Endotheliocho
Fo
et
Ba O n
ial Placenta rial Placenta
a
se
lT
d
is
s
ue
s
CLASSIFICATION
In
M A
ti m
at nd
2 4
al
Syndesmocho
er
ac
Haemochorial
n
y
rial Placenta O
f Placenta
A. Epitheliochorial A
placenta : In this type, the chorio-
allantoic villi lie in the pockets- like
B
depressions of the uterine wall. The
epithelium of uterine wall lies in the contact
with the chorionic epithelium. It is seen in
pig, mare, cattle, etc.
B. Syndesmochorial
placenta : In this type, varying
amounts of uterine epithelium erode due to
chorionic villi. As a result the chorion is
brought into the direct contact with the
C
D
connective tissue of the uterus. It is seen in
ruminant ungulates (cattle, sheep, deer,
etc. ).
C. Endotheliochorial
placenta : In this type, the uterine
mucosa is reduced and the chorionic
epithelium comes in the contact with the
endothelial wall of maternal blood vessels. It
is seen in carnivores like dog, cat, bear, etc.
A
C
BD
• Maternal
Enables the
• Production
Excretion
antibodies
transport
hormones-
carbon
of
of
of(IgG)
dioxide
water, ,
gives immunity
oxygen,
FUNCTION
to1.the
urea, Progesterone
etc. by
foetus.
electrolytes
• : the
For
Keeps
the
foetus
nutrition
maintenance
maternal
maternal
and
the into
and of
S OF
(carbohydrates,
pregnancy
blood.
foetal
• 4Acts
th
lipids,
month.
after
blood
as a barrier
streams
polypeptides,
PLACENTA
2. Oestrogen
(from bacteria,
separate, :
amino acids and
For uterine
viruses, growth
thereby
vitamins )drugs
from ).
and development
preventing
maternal to foetal
ofantigenic
mammary
blood.
gland.
reactions.
A
Enables the
B C
• Maternal
D
transport of
oxygen, water,
FUNCTION
• Excretion of
carbon dioxide ,
antibodies (IgG)
gives immunity
Production of
hormones-
urea, etc. by to the foetus. 1. Progesterone
electrolytes and
nutrition S OF
the foetus into
the maternal
• Keeps the
maternal and
: For
maintenance of
(carbohydrates,
lipids,
polypeptides,
PLACENTA
blood.
• Acts as a barrier
foetal blood
streams
pregnancy after
4th month.
(from bacteria, separate, 2. Oestrogen :
amino acids and
viruses, drugs ). thereby For uterine growth
vitamins ) from
preventing and development
maternal to foetal
antigenic of mammary
blood.
reactions. gland.
THANK YOU !
