Scribd
Upload
9 views79 pages

2 Force Vectors

The document discusses vector mechanics, specifically the addition of forces and the resolution of a force into its components. It explains methods such as the parallelogram law and the use of Cartesian vector notation to determine resultant forces and their directions. Additionally, it covers the dot product and projections of forces onto specified axes.

Uploaded by

Khim C. Mohamadtaha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views79 pages

2 Force Vectors

The document discusses vector mechanics, specifically the addition of forces and the resolution of a force into its components. It explains methods such as the parallelogram law and the use of Cartesian vector notation to determine resultant forces and their directions. Additionally, it covers the dot product and projections of forces onto specified axes.

Uploaded by

Khim C. Mohamadtaha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 79

References

• Beer, F., Johnston, E. Jr., Mazurek, D., and


Eisenberg, E., Vector Mechanics for Engineers:
Statics, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York,
2010
• Hibbeler, R.C., Engineering Mechanics: Statics,
12th Edition, Pearson Education, New Jersey,
2010
Example:
Multiply vector:
The two component forces F1 and F2 acting on the pin in can be
added together to form the resultant force FR = F1 + F2. From
this construction, or using the triangle rule, we can apply the
law of cosines or the law of sines to the triangle in order to
obtain the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction.
If more than two forces are to be added, successive applications of the parallelogram
law can be carried out in order to obtain the resultant force. For example, if three forces
F1, F2, F3 act at a point O, the resultant of any two of the forces is found, say, F1 + F2—
and then this resultant is added to the third force, yielding the resultant of all three
forces; i.e., FR = (F1 + F2) + F3.
Resolution of a Force into
Components
In many practical problems, we start with a given vector F and want to
determine a useful set of components. Two cases are of particular
interest:
EXAMPLE
The screw eye is subjected to two forces, F1 and F2. Determine the
magnitude and direction of the resultant force.
EXAMPLE
Two forces P and Q act on a bolt A. Determine their resultant.
 When a force is resolved into two components along the x
and y axes, the components are then called rectangular
components. For analytical work we can represent these
components in one of two ways, using either scalar or
Cartesian vector notation.

 The rectangular components of


force F are found using the
parallelogram law, so that F = Fx +
Fy. Because these components
form a right triangle, they can be
determined from
 Instead of using the angle θ, however, the direction of F
can also be defined using a small “slope” triangle

Note:
 Here the y component is a negative scalar since Fy is directed along the negative y axis .
 It is important to keep in mind that this positive and negative scalar notation is to be
used only for computational purposes, not for graphical representations in figures
 It is also possible to represent the x and y components of
a force in terms of Cartesian unit vectors i and j.
 They are called unit vectors because they have a dimensionless
magnitude of 1, and so they can be used to designate the directions of
the x and y axes
Using Cartesian vector notation,
Once these components are determined, they may be sketched along the x
and y axes with their proper sense of direction, and the resultant force can
be determined from vector addition,
EXAMPLE
A force F = (700 lb)i + (1500 lb)j is applied to a bolt A. Determine
the magnitude of the force and the angle θ it forms with the
horizontal.
EXAMPLE
Four forces act on bolt A as shown. Determine the
resultant of the forces
on the bolt.
If A is expressed in Cartesian vector form, A = Axi + Ay j +
Azk, then uA will have a magnitude of one and be
dimensionless provided A is divided by its magnitude,
Two forces act on the hook shown. Specify the
magnitude of F2 and its coordinate direction angles so
that the resultant force FR acts along the positive y axis
and has a magnitude of 800 N.
 is defined as a fixed vector which locates a point
in space relative to another point.
 In the more general case, the position vector may be
directed from point A to point B in space

 This vector is also designated by


the symbol r. As a matter of
convention, we will sometimes
refer to this vector with two
subscripts to indicate from and to
the point where it is directed. Thus,
r can also be designated as rAB.
Also, note that rA and rB in are
referenced with only one subscript
 since
by thethey extend vector
head-to-tail from the originusing the triangle rule, we
addition,
of coordinates.
require
Or we can write in this way,
An elastic rubber band is attached to points A and B as
shown in. Determine its length and its direction measured
from A toward B.
A tower guy wire is anchored by means of a bolt at A. The
tension in the wire is 2500 N. Determine (a) the components
Fx, Fy, and Fz of the force acting on the bolt and (b) the
angles θx, θy, and θz defining the direction of the force.
 Occasionally in statics one has to find the angle
between two lines or the components of a force
parallel and perpendicular to a line.
 In two dimensions

 these problems can readily be solved by


trigonometry since the geometry is easy to
visualize
 In three dimensions
 this is often difficult, and
consequently vector methods
should be employed for the solution.
The dot product
 which defines a particular method for
“multiplying” two vectors,
The dot product of vectors A and B, written A . B and read “A dot B,” is
defined as the product of the magnitudes of A and B and the cosine of the
angle ϴ between their tails
 The angle θ between the tails of vectors A and B in
Fig. can be determined written as
If the direction of the line is specified by the unit vector ua,
then since ua = 1, we can determine the magnitude of Aa
directly from the dot product
Determine the magnitudes of the projection of
the force F in Fig. onto the u and v axes.
The frame shown in Fig. is subjected to a horizontal
force F = {300j} N. Determine the magnitudes of the
components of this force parallel and perpendicular to
member AB.
Determine the magnitude of the projected
Practice Problem component of the force F = {400i - 200j + 500k}
N acting along the cable CA.
Determine the magnitude of the
projected component of the 3 kN
Practice Problem force acting along the axis BC of the
pipe..

You might also like