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Chapter Three

Chapter Three discusses runway design and its importance in airport layout, emphasizing that each airport's design is site-specific and influenced by various factors such as runway orientation, taxiways, and environmental considerations. It highlights the significance of wind direction and its impact on runway length and safety during takeoff and landing. Additionally, it introduces the concept of wind rose diagrams and basic runway length requirements under specific conditions.

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Rmesh jha
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13 views7 pages

Chapter Three

Chapter Three discusses runway design and its importance in airport layout, emphasizing that each airport's design is site-specific and influenced by various factors such as runway orientation, taxiways, and environmental considerations. It highlights the significance of wind direction and its impact on runway length and safety during takeoff and landing. Additionally, it introduces the concept of wind rose diagrams and basic runway length requirements under specific conditions.

Uploaded by

Rmesh jha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER THREE:

RUNWAY DESIGN
Runway
• A runway is a rectangular area on the airport surface prepared for the
takeoff and landing of aircraft.
3.2 Airport Layout and its
components
• The design for each airport layout is site specific, and whereas general concepts can
be moved between sites, the individual aspects of each site will almost certainly
result in slightly different layouts. Layout of an airport is dependent upon a number
of factors the most important are:
•   Number and orientation of runways  Number of taxiways  Size and shape of
aprons
•  The area and shape of land
•  Topography and site soil conditions
•  Obstacle to air navigation
•  Required proximity of land uses within the airport boundary
•  Surrounding land uses
•  Timing and scale of phased development of the airport
•  Meteorology Size and scale of airport facilities being planned
3.4 Factors affecting runway
orientation
• The orientation of a runway is defined by the direction, relative to magnetic north,
of the operations performed by aircraft on the runway. Typically, but not always,
runways are oriented in such a manner that they may be used in either direction.
The direction of the runway controls the layout of the other airport facilities, such
as passenger terminals, taxis/apron configurations, circulation around, and parking
facilities.
The following factors should be considered in locating and orienting a runway
•  Wind
•  Airspace availability
•  Environmental factors (noise, air and water quality)
•  Obstructions to navigation
•  Air traffic control visibility
•  Wildlife hazards
•  Terrain and soil considerations
3.5 Wind rose diagram
• It is the graphical representation of wind data: direction and intensity. Data
should be collected for the period of 5 to 10 years.
• Generally oriented in the direction of prevailing wind Head wind
• Head wind: direction of wind opposite to the direction of landing and takeoff
• Takeoff: head wind provides greater lift on the wings, thus shorter length of
runway is enough
• Landing: Head wind provides a braking effect and aircraft comes to stop in a
smaller length of runway. If landing and takeoff are done along the wind
direction, it may require longer runway length.
• Cross wind Component: It is not always possible to obtain the direction of wind
along the direction of the center line of runway, this Normal wind component is
called cross wind component. And it may interrupt the safe landing and takeoff
of the aircraft. Cross wind Component..
• Wind Coverage:
• The percentage of time in a year during which the CWC remains
within the limit is called Wind Coverage. FAA standards for mixed air
traffic wind coverage should be 95 % with the limit of 25 kmph. CWC.
For busy airport, WC may be 98 -100 %
3.6 Basic runway length
• It is the length of runway under the following conditions:
• Airport altitude is at sea level
• Airport temperature is 15 0 Celsius
• Runway is level in longitudinal direction
• No wind is blowing on runway
• Aircraft is loaded to its full capacity.

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