Globalisation - A Comprehensive

Overview
Class 10 Social Science Project
 Meaning of Globalisation
• Globalisation refers to the process by which
businesses, cultures, and economies become
integrated and interdependent on a global
scale. It involves the flow of goods, services,
capital, information, and people across
borders. This phenomenon is driven by
advancements in technology, transportation,
and communication. Globalisation promotes
economic growth, cultural exchange, and
international cooperation but also brings
 History of Globalisation
• The history of globalisation can be traced
through significant events in the 20th century,
particularly the World Wars and global
economic policies. It evolved from early trade
networks to a modern interconnected world
influenced by global institutions and
multinational corporations.
 Impact of World Wars on Global
Economy
• World War I and II caused massive destruction
of infrastructure and disrupted global trade.
European economies were devastated, leading
to a shift of economic power to the United
States. Nations adopted protectionist policies
to rebuild, which slowed global economic
integration for several decades.
 Consequences of the Great
Depression
• The 1929 Great Depression was a severe
global economic crisis. In the West, it caused
bank failures, massive unemployment, and
industrial collapse. In India, it led to a sharp
decline in agricultural prices, reduced export
demand (especially for jute and wheat), and
increased rural distress.
Role of Bretton Woods Institutions
• Established in 1944, the Bretton Woods
system created the IMF and World Bank to
stabilize currencies and promote
reconstruction. The US dollar was made the
anchor currency. These institutions aimed to
prevent future economic crises and encourage
international economic cooperation.
 End of Bretton Woods & Start of
Globalisation
• The collapse of the Bretton Woods system in
the 1970s led to floating exchange rates.
Technological innovation, liberal economic
policies, and deregulation in the 1980s and
90s marked a new phase of intense
globalisation.
 Positive Impacts of Globalisation
• 1. Access to international markets and capital
• 2. Enhanced technology transfer and
innovation
• 3. More employment opportunities in
emerging sectors
• 4. Exposure to global products and culture
• 5. Improvement in infrastructure and
communication
 Negative Impacts of Globalisation
• 1. Job insecurity due to outsourcing and
automation
• 2. Inequality between rich and poor
• 3. Decline of local industries and traditional
livelihoods
• 4. Environmental degradation from industrial
growth
• 5. Cultural homogenization and loss of local
identity
 Technology & Transportation in
India's Growth
• Technological advancements have increased
productivity, efficiency, and connectivity in
India. Transport systems like railways,
highways, and airways have enabled better
trade and access to markets. Digital tools and
internet access have promoted innovation and
service-sector expansion.
 Impact of Roadways & Railways
• Railways are vital for freight and long-distance
travel, contributing to industrial and
agricultural distribution. Roadways connect
rural and urban areas, enabling economic
integration and faster access to healthcare,
education, and employment.
 Globalisation & Social Groups
• Globalisation affects different social groups
unequally:
• - Urban middle classes benefit from global
jobs and education
• - Farmers and artisans face challenges due to
global competition
• - Women gain employment in new sectors but
face wage disparities
• - Youth are influenced by global culture and
technology
 Transport & Communication in
Globalisation
• Advanced transport systems (air, sea, land)
enable the movement of goods and people.
• Modern communication (internet, mobile
phones) allows global collaboration, real-time
communication, and access to global
knowledge.
 Key Organisations in Globalisation
• - World Trade Organization (WTO)
• - International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• - World Bank
• - United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD)
• - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD)
 Role of MNCs in Globalisation
• Multinational Corporations (MNCs) play a
central role in globalisation by:
• - Investing in multiple countries
• - Creating jobs and boosting local economies
• - Promoting global supply chains and
standards
• Examples: Apple, Nestle, Toyota, Microsoft
 Conclusion
• Globalisation is a transformative force shaping
economies and societies. Its impacts are multi-
dimensional—both beneficial and challenging.
Sustainable and inclusive policies are needed
to ensure its benefits reach all sections of
society.
 Thank You
• Questions and Discussion