Class 14: Outline
Hour 1:
Magnetic Fields
Expt. 5: Magnetic Fields
Hour 2:
Charges moving in B Fields
Exam Review
P14- 1
A New Topic:
Magnetic Fields
P14- 2
Gravitational – Electric Fields
Mass m Charge q (±)
m q
Create: g G 2 rˆ E ke 2 rˆ
r r
Feel: Fg mg FE qE
Also saw… Dipole p
Create:
Feel:
τ p E P14- 3
Magnetism – Bar Magnet
Like poles repel, opposite poles attract
P14- 4
Demonstration:
Magnetic Field Lines
from Bar Magnet
P14- 5
Demonstration:
Compass (bar magnet) in
Magnetic Field Lines
from Bar Magnet
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Magnetic Field of Bar Magnet
(1) A magnet has two poles, North (N) and South (S)
(2) Magnetic field lines leave from N, end at S P14- 7
Bar Magnets Are Dipoles!
• Create Dipole Field
• Rotate to orient with Field
Is there magnetic “mass”
or magnetic “charge?”
NO! Magnetic monopoles do not exist in isolation
P14- 8
Bar Magnets Are Dipoles!
• Create Dipole Field
• Rotate to orient with Field
Is there magnetic “mass”
or magnetic “charge?”
NO! Magnetic monopoles do not exist in isolation
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Magnetic Monopoles?
Electric Dipole Magnetic Dipole
p
-q q μ
When cut:
2 monopoles (charges) When cut: 2 dipoles
Magnetic monopoles do not exist in isolation
Another Maxwell’s Equation! (2 of 4)
qin
S
E dA
0 B dA 0
S
Gauss’s Law Magnetic Gauss’s LawP14- 10
Fields: Grav., Electric, Magnetic
Mass m Charge q (±) No
m q Magnetic
Create: g G 2 rˆ E ke 2 rˆ Monopoles!
r r
Feel: Fg mg FE qE
Also saw… Dipole p Dipole
Create:
E B
Feel:
τ p E τ μ B P14- 11
What else is magnetic?
P14- 12
Magnetic Field of the Earth
Also a
magnetic
dipole!
North magnetic pole located in southern hemisphere
P14- 13
Earth’s Field at MIT
We will measure these components
P14- 14
Experiment 5:
Bar Magnet &
Earth’s Magnetic Field
P14- 15
Visualization:Bar Magnet &
Earth’s Magnetic Field
(Link)
P14- 16
Magnetic Field B Thus Far…
Bar Magnets (Magnetic Dipoles)…
• Create: Dipole Field
• Feel: Orient with Field
Does anything
else create or feel
a magnetic field?
P14- 17
Demonstration:
TV in Field
P14- 18
Moving Charges Feel Magnetic Force
FB q v B
Magnetic force perpendicular both to:
Velocity v of charge and magnetic field B
P14- 19
Magnetic Field B: Units
Since FB q v B
newton N N
B Units 1 1
coulombmeter/second C m s A m
This is called 1 Tesla (T)
4
1 T = 10 Gauss (G)
P14- 20
Recall:
Cross Product
P14- 21
Notation Demonstration
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
OUT of page INTO page
“Arrow Head” “Arrow Tail”
P14- 22
Cross Product: Magnitude
Computing magnitude of cross product A x B:
C AxB C A B sin
| C |: area of parallelogram
P14- 23
Cross Product: Direction
Right Hand Rule #1: C AxB
1) Curl fingers of right hand
in the direction that moves A
(green vector) to B (red
vector) through the smallest
angle
2) Thumb of right hand will
point in direction of the cross
product C (orange vector) Link to shockwave
P14- 24
Cross Product: Signs
ˆi ˆj kˆ ˆj ˆi kˆ
ˆj kˆ ˆi kˆ ˆj ˆi
kˆ ˆi ˆj ˆi kˆ ˆj
Cross Product is Cyclic (left column)
Reversing A & B changes sign (right column)
P14- 25
PRS Questions:
Right Hand Rule
P14- 26
Putting it Together: Lorentz Force
Charges Feel…
FE qE FB q v B
Electric Fields Magnetic Fields
F q E v B
This is the final word on the force on a charge
P14- 27
Application: Velocity Selector
What happens here?
P14- 28
Velocity Selector
Particle moves in a straight line when
E
Fnet q (E v B) 0 v
B P14- 29
PRS Question:
Hall Effect
P14- 30
Exam Review
P14- 31
