GROUP 2

CHAPTER 2:
DATABASE CONCEPTS
AND MYSQL OVERVIEW

Information Management
(3/1)
OBJECTIVES:
• Define database, DBMS, and RDBMS.
• Explain the advantages of using databases over file-based storage.
• Introduce MySQL, its features, and common use cases.
• Discuss relational database concepts such as tables, rows, and columns.

In today’s digital world, data management plays a critical role in business

operations, decision-making, and software applications.

This chapter introduces fundamental database concepts, explains the difference

between databases, Database Management Systems (DBMS), and Relational
Database Management Systems (RDBMS).

It highlights the advantages of databases over traditional file-based storage and

provides an overview of MySQL, a widely used relational database system.
Additionally, we discuss essential relational database components such as tables,
rows, and columns, which form the foundation of structured data storage.
UNDERSTANDING DATABASES,
DBMS, AND RDBMS
what is a Example of a
database? Database
A database is an organized A customer management
collection of data that allows system stores customer
efficient access,
information such as:
management, and updates.

It is widely used in applications

like banking, social media,
online shopping, and
healthcare for quick data
retrieval and manipulation.
WHAT IS A DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (DBMS)? Key Features of a DBMS
• Data storage, retrieval, and
A Database Management management
System (DBMS) is a software • Multi-user access
platform designed to facilitate • Security and data integrity
the creation, management, • Backup and recovery
and manipulation of options.
databases.
Examples of DBMS
• MySQL (Open-source and widely used
It enables users to: for web applications)
Store, retrieve, update, and • Oracle Database (Enterprise-level
delete data. Ensure data database)
• PostgreSQL (Advanced open-source
security, consistency, and DBMS)
integrity throughout its • Microsoft SQL Server (Microsoft’s
RDBMS for enterprise solutions).
lifecycle.
TYPE OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
1.Network Databases
Network Databases are structured like
interconnected networks of data and records,
resembling a cobweb.

In a Network Data Model, entities can have

multiple relationships:
One parent can have multiple child record sets.
Each record set can be linked to multiple parent
and child nodes.

Example
The Stores entity may have relationships with
multiple child entities.
The Transactions entity may have relationships
with multiple parent entities.
TYPE OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
2.Relational Databases
Relational Databases store data in the form
of access control tables, where each row is
identified by a key field. Data is organized
into structured tables, linked using primary
keys and foreign keys to ensure consistency
and eliminate redundancy.

Example - Student Enrollment System

• Students Table - Stores student details with

Student_ID as the Primary Key.
• Courses Table - Stores course details with
Course_ID as the Primary Key.
• Enrollments Table - Links Students and
Courses using foreign keys (Student_ID and
Course_ID).
TYPE OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
3. Object-Oriented Databases • Object: An instance of a class
representing real-world entities.
Object-oriented databases Example: Student, Doctor, Engineer
combine the principles of (from diagram)
object-oriented programming • Attribute: Describes properties of
(OOP) with database objects.
management. Data is stored Example: Student → Rollno,
Branch,Setmarks()
as objects, similar to OOP
languages like C++. • Method: Defines behavior of objects
(real-world actions).
Example: Setmarks() to set student
marks .

• Class: Collection of objects sharing

attributes & behavior.
Example: Person, Student, Doctor,
Engineer

• Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit

attributes & methods from another
class.
Example: Student, Doctor, Engineer
inherit from Person
TYPE OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
4. Hierarchical Databases
-A hierarchical database is a data storage model that organizes information
in a tree-like structure. In this model, data is arranged using nodes, where
each parent node connects to one or more child nodes, creating a one-to-
many relationship. This structure allows for fast and simple data access,
especially when the relationships between data are clearly hierarchical. As
shown in the diagram, the root (parent) sits at the top, followed by multiple
child nodes at Level 1, each of which can have their own Level 2 child nodes.
RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (RDBMS)
An RDBMS is a type of Database Management
System (DBMS) that organizes data into tables
with predefined relationships. It follows a
structured format using tablets, rows, and
columns, and supports SQL (Structured Query
Language) for querying data.
 DBMS VS RDBMS
(DIFFERENCES)
• Data Storage: • Relationships: • Query • Examples:
- - DBMS:No Language: - DBMS:MongoDB,
DBMS:Unstructured relationships - DBMS: No SQL Redis
or Semi-structured between data support
- RDBMS: MySQL,
- RDBMS: -RDBMS: Tables are - RDBMS:Uses SQL PostgreSQL
Structured in related through keys for querying
Tables
Examples of RDBMS
• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• Microsoft SQL Server
• Oracle Database
ADVANTAGES OF DATABASES
OVER FILE-BASED STORAGE
before databases, data was stored in flat files
such as CSV or text files. As data volume
increased, file-based systems became inefficient
and hard to manage.

Key Limitations of File- Benefits of Using Databases:

Based Storage: • Eliminates Data Redundancy –
• Data Redundancy – Centralized storage reduces
Duplicate data in multiple duplication
• Data Integrity – Enforces accuracy
files
• Lack of Security – No proper and consistency
• Improved Security – User
access control
authentication and role-based access
• Data Inconsistency – No
• Faster Retrieval – Uses indexes for
centralized data control
quick searching
• Slow Data Retrieval –
• Backup and Recovery – Ensures data
Searching files takes longer safety
INTRODUCTION TO MYSQL
MySQL is an open-source Relational Database Management System
(RDBMS) widely used by developers for its speed, reliability, and
ease of use. It is especially popular in web-based applications.

Key Features of
MySQL:
• Free and Open-Source – Available • Security– Supports user
for public use authentication and encryption

• High Performance – Optimized for • Cross-Platform – Works on

quick data access Windows, Linux, and macOS

• Scalability – Handles small to • Supports SQL– Uses Structured

large-scale applications Query Language (SQL)
INTRODUCTION TO MYSQL
Common Use Cases of
MySQL:

• Web Applications– Used in • Banking Systems– Stores

WordPress, Facebook, and Twitter transaction details securely

• E-Commerce Platforms – Shopify, • Healthcare Applications– Manages

Magento, WooCommerce patient records
 UNDERSTANDING RELATIONAL
DATABASE CONCEPTS
Tables, Rows, and Columns:
• Columns (Fields): Define data type (e.g., Name, Price)

• Rows (Records): Store individual data entries

Creating a Database
 UNDERSTANDING RELATIONAL
DATABASE CONCEPTS
Example: Employee_Records database

Primary Key
A Primary Key is a unique identifier for each record (e.g.,
Employee_ID)
 UNDERSTANDING RELATIONAL
DATABASE CONCEPTS
Foreign Key
Connects data between
tables

Example: Linking
Employees to Departments
 UNDERSTANDING RELATIONAL
DATABASE CONCEPTS
One-to-Many Relationship:
One department can have many employees

Database Design:
Visualization of related tables
This SQL Figure designer
creates two related tables:
Departments and
Employees. It establishes a
one-to-many relationship
where each department can
have multiple employees.
THANK YOU