POLITICS AND

PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
GROUP 6: TOPIC 1
Gerald Coralde Abegail Ayapana Mai Villanueva
David Sauza Eludelyn Gunao Claudine Carumba
PHILIPPINE
POLITICS
 Philippine Politics
Politics in the Philippines are governed by a
three-branch system of government. The
Philippines is a democratic country, with a
president who is directly elected by the people
and serves as both the head of state and the
head of government.
(Philippine Politics and the Rule of Law - Steven Rogers;
October 2004)
 What makes it unique and
complex?

Philippine politics is unique in several

ways, setting it apart from other
political systems. Here are some key
factors that contribute to its
distinctiveness:
Political Dynasties: The prevalence of political dynasties is a unique feature of
Philippine politics. It is not uncommon to see multiple family members holding
positions of political power across different levels of government.
(Asia’s Political Dynasties, Carla Teng: 24 May 2023)

People Power Movements: The Philippines is known for its history of People
Power movements, which are nonviolent uprisings led by citizens to challenge
oppressive regimes or push for political change. The most notable examples
include the 1986 EDSA Revolution that ousted President Ferdinand Marcos. These
movements demonstrate the power of collective action and have become
emblematic of the country's struggle for democracy.
(Mark John Sanchez , "The People Power Revolution, Philippines 1986" , Origins:
Current Events in Historical Perspective; February, 2021)
Intense Political Rivalries: Philippine politics is characterized by intense political
rivalries and personal animosities among politicians. These rivalries often
transcend political ideologies and are rooted in historical and personal conflicts.
(Political rivalries on PNP radar, Emmanuel Tupas - The Philippine Star; October 8,
2021)

Role of Social Media: The Philippines has one of the highest social media usage
rates globally, and social media platforms play a significant role in shaping political
discourse and mobilizing public opinion. Online activism, political campaigns, and
the spread of misinformation have become integral parts of Philippine politics.
(Social Media Influencers in Philippine Politics, 09 March 2023; Maria Elize H.
Mendoza)
Influence of Showbiz and Celebrity Politics: The Philippines has a unique political
landscape where celebrities and personalities from the entertainment industry
often transition into politics.
(Celebrity Politics and the Politics of Celebrities in the Philippines - July 13, 2013 by
Dr. Jean Encinas-Franco)

Influence of Religion: Religion plays a significant role in Philippine politics, with

the country being predominantly Roman Catholic. The Catholic Church has
historically been influential in shaping public opinion, particularly on social and
moral issues. The intersection of religion and politics can influence policy debates
and political alliances.
(The Politics of Religion in the Philippines; February 24, 2016 By Maria Isabel T.
Buenaobra)
Key players and institution in
Philippine Politics, and how do
they impact public personnel.

Several key players and institutions

shape the political landscape in the
Philippines. Here are some of the most
prominent :

(Philippine Politics and Society - Eva-Lotta Hedman, John

Sidel ;2005)
President: The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government. This
position holds significant executive powers and influences policy-making, governance,
and foreign relations.

Congress: The Philippine Congress consists of two chambers—the Senate and the
House of Representatives. The Senate has 24 members who serve six-year terms, with
one-third of the seats up for election every three years. The House of Representatives
has 300+ members who serve three-year terms, representing legislative districts and
party-list organizations.

Political Parties: Several political parties participate in Philippine politics, ranging

from major national parties to smaller regional and sectoral parties. Some notable
parties include the Liberal Party, Nacionalista Party, PDP-Laban, and National Unity
Party. These parties play a crucial role in shaping political alliances, endorsing
candidates, and promoting their platforms.
Commission on Elections (COMELEC): The COMELEC is an independent constitutional
body responsible for administering elections in the Philippines. It ensures the conduct
of free, fair, and credible elections, including voter registration, candidate
accreditation, and the resolution of election-related disputes.

Supreme Court: The Supreme Court of the Philippines is the highest judicial body in
the country. It interprets the constitution, reviews laws and executive actions for their
constitutionality, and resolves legal disputes.

Ombudsman: The Office of the Ombudsman is an independent institution tasked

with investigating and prosecuting public officials for corruption, malfeasance, and
other forms of misconduct. It serves as a key anti-corruption body and promotes
accountability in the public sector.
Civil Society Organizations (CSOs): Civil society organizations, including advocacy
groups, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and social movements, play a
crucial role in Philippine politics. They advocate for various causes, monitor
government actions, and promote participatory governance.

Media: The media, including print, broadcast, and online outlets, have a
significant influence on Philippine politics. They play a vital role in shaping public
opinion, reporting on political developments, and holding public officials
accountable.

Local Government Units (LGUs): LGUs are vital players in Philippine politics. They
include provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays (the smallest
administrative units). LGUs have autonomy in certain areas of governance and
play a crucial role in local development and service delivery.
 Historical events that have
shaped Philippine politics, and
influenced public personnel
management.
Several historical events have had a
profound impact on Philippine
politics and influenced public
personnel management. Here are
some significant events that highlight
this connection:
Plumbing the Past: The Impact of History on Philippine Institutions and Democracy
Aries A. Arugay, University of the Philippines in Diliman; Glenn A. May, University of Oregon; Vicente L.
Rafael, University of Washington; Joel Rocamora, Institute for Popular Democracy (Manila); and Hazel M.
McFerson, George Mason University (commentator)
American Colonization (1898-1946): The American colonization of the Philippines
brought about significant political and administrative changes.

Commonwealth Era (1935-1946): The Commonwealth Era, a transitional period

towards independence, witnessed the establishment of democratic institutions in the
Philippines.

Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos (1972-1981): The declaration of martial law by
President Ferdinand Marcos in 1972 had a significant impact on Philippine politics
and public personnel management.

People Power Revolution (1986): The revolution brought about significant changes in
Philippine politics and public personnel management. It led to a renewed focus on
meritocracy, professionalism, and good governance. Efforts were made to restore the
merit-based civil service system and promote transparency and accountability in
public personnel management.
 PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
 Public Administration in the
Philippines.

The Philippine Public Administration will

operate as long as Institutions in
addressing specific Sectoral Concerns
that exists.
Public administration in the Philippines is the management of
public resources by the nation’s leaders and bureaucracy. It
involves sustained economic growth, social development,
infrastructure development, environmental protection, public-
private partnerships, development program management, and
maintaining a legal framework .
 Public Administration
interrelatedness to the
government.
Public administration and the government
are closely connected, as public
administration refers to the management
and implementation of government policies,
programs, and services. It is the practical
application of governance within the
framework of established laws, regulations,
and institutions.
Public Administrators managing
government employees.

Public administrators have a crucial role in

managing government employees and ensuring
the effective functioning of public organizations.
Managing government employees involves
various aspects of personnel management,
including recruitment, selection, training,
performance evaluation, career development,
and employee relations.
ADMINISTRATORS
AND POLITICS
 Administration and Politics in
the Philippine.

Administration and politics are closely

intertwined, as they both involve the
exercise of power, decision-making,
and the pursuit of public goals.
 Public administrators face the challenge of navigating politics while
maintaining professionalism and fairness in their roles. Here are some
strategies and principles that can help administrators handle politics while
upholding their professional standards:

Adherence to Ethical Standards: Administrators should adhere to a strong

code of ethics and professional conduct. By consistently upholding these
ethical standards, administrators can maintain their professionalism and
ensure fair and unbiased decision-making.

Focus on Public Interest: Administrators should prioritize the public interest

above personal or political considerations. Their decisions and actions
should be driven by the goal of serving the public and achieving the best
outcomes for the community they serve.
Knowledge and Expertise: By being well-informed and knowledgeable,
administrators can provide evidence-based advice, contribute to informed policy
discussions, and make decisions grounded in expertise. This can help minimize the
impact of political pressures and ensure professional and fair outcomes.

Non-partisanship: Public administrators should refrain from expressing personal

political opinions or engaging in activities that may compromise their impartiality.
By maintaining non-partisanship, administrators demonstrate their commitment
to fairness and professionalism.

Open Communication and Collaboration: By engaging in constructive dialogue,

administrators can build relationships based on trust, mutual respect, and shared
understanding. This can help mitigate political conflicts and ensure that decisions
are made with a broad range of perspectives and inputs.
Transparency and Accountability: Administrators should promote
transparency in their decision-making processes and be accountable for
their actions. They should provide clear justifications for their decisions,
document their processes, and communicate openly about the rationale
behind their actions. Transparent and accountable practices help build
public trust and demonstrate a commitment to fairness and professionalism.
 Administrators correlation to
politics.

Here are a few examples of situations

where administrators' decisions may be
influenced by politics and how they can
manage them while maintaining
professionalism and fairness:
Transparency and Accountability: Administrators should promote
transparency in their decision-making processes and be accountable for
their actions. They should provide clear justifications for their decisions,
document their processes, and communicate openly about the rationale
behind their actions. Transparent and accountable practices help build
public trust and demonstrate a commitment to fairness and professionalism.
Focus on Evidence and Data: Administrators should rely on evidence and
data to inform their decisions and actions. By using objective information,
administrators can minimize the influence of political biases and make
decisions based on facts and analysis. This helps ensure fairness and
professionalism in decision-making processes.
 Balancing roles of
administration and politics

Here are a few examples of situations

where administrators' decisions Ba
may be
influenced by politics and how they can
manage them while maintaining
professionalism and fairness:
Budget Allocations: Political pressures can influence budgetary decisions,
including resource allocations to various programs or departments.
Administrators may face pressure to prioritize certain projects or initiatives that
align with the political agenda, even if they may not be the most effective or
efficient use of resources.

Policy Implementation: Administrators often face the challenge of

implementing policies that may be controversial or face opposition from
different stakeholders. Political considerations can sometimes interfere with
the fair and effective implementation of policies.

Personnel Decisions: Political pressures can influence personnel decisions,

such as hiring, promotions, or transfers within an organization. Administrators
may face requests or recommendations to favour certain individuals based on
political affiliations or personal connections
LEGISLATORS AND
THEIR IMPACT
 Legislators in the Philippines.

Legislators in the Philippines play a significant

role in creating laws that affect government
employees. They propose, draft, debate, and
pass legislation that establishes policies,
regulations, and frameworks governing
various aspects of government employment.
Here are some ways legislators impact
government employees through the creation
of laws:
Legislative Framework for Government Employment: Legislators establish the legal
framework for government employment by enacting laws that define the rights,
responsibilities, and conditions of service for government employees.

Salary and Compensation: Legislators determine the salary structure and

compensation system for government employees through the passage of laws. They
authorize the establishment of salary scales, allowances, and benefits for different
positions and levels within the government.

Employment Conditions and Benefits: Legislators create laws that govern

employment conditions and benefits for government employees. These laws cover
areas such as working hours, leave entitlements, performance evaluation,
promotions, retirement benefits, and social security provisions
Professional Development and Training: Legislators may pass laws that
promote professional development and training opportunities for
government employees. These laws establish mechanisms and funding for
capacity-building programs, scholarships, and career advancement
initiatives. The Government Procurement Reform Act, for example,
mandates training and accreditation programs for government procurement
personnel.

Employee Rights and Protections: Legislators create laws to protect the

rights and welfare of government employees. These laws include provisions
on labor rights, workplace safety, protection against harassment and
discrimination, and mechanisms for addressing grievances.
Accountability and Anti-Corruption Measures: Legislators enact laws that
promote transparency, integrity, and accountability within the government.
These laws establish mechanisms for preventing and combating corruption,
such as the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and
Employees and the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act.

Organizational Structure and Reforms: Legislators may propose and pass

laws that introduce organizational reforms and restructuring within
government agencies. These laws aim to improve efficiency, effectiveness,
and service delivery by redefining functions, establishing new agencies, or
streamlining processes
 Legislators working with
administration.

Legislators work with the administration to

shape personnel decisions and policies
through various means of collaboration and
oversight. Here are some ways legislators and
the administration interact in this regard:
Legislative Oversight: Legislators exercise oversight over the
administration's personnel decisions and policies by conducting
hearings, inquiries, and investigations.

Legislation and Policy Development: Legislators actively

participate in the development of legislation and policies related
to government personnel. They propose bills, conduct research,
consult stakeholders, and collaborate with the administration to
draft laws and policies that address personnel issues.
Consultation and Dialogue: Legislators engage in consultation and dialogue
with the administration to provide inputs on personnel decisions and
policies. This dialogue allows legislators to contribute their perspectives and
advocate for the interests of government employees.

Amendments and Revisions: Legislators have the power to propose

amendments or revisions to existing laws and policies related to government
personnel. They can identify gaps, inconsistencies, or emerging issues and
propose changes to address them. Through the legislative process,
legislators collaborate with the administration to refine personnel decisions
and policies, considering evolving needs and circumstances.
Amendments and Revisions: Legislators have the power to propose
amendments or revisions to existing laws and policies related to government
personnel. They can identify gaps, inconsistencies, or emerging issues and
propose changes to address them. Through the legislative process,
legislators collaborate with the administration to refine personnel decisions
and policies, considering evolving needs and circumstances.

Advocacy and Representation: Legislators serve as advocates and

representatives of government employees in the legislative process. They
raise concerns, champion the rights and welfare of government employees,
and push for reforms to improve personnel decisions and policies.
Legislators work with unions, associations, and other employee groups to
voice their concerns and advocate for changes that benefit government
employees.
 POLITICS AND
PUBLIC PERSONNEL
 Politics affecting government
personnel management.

Politics can have a significant impact on

government personnel management
particularly in the areas of hiring and
promotions. Here are some ways in which
politics affects these processes:
Hiring: Political leaders may prioritize appointing individuals who
align with their ideology or party affiliation rather than solely
considering merit or qualifications. This can lead to a less diverse
and less qualified workforce.

Patronage: Politics can result in the practice of patronage where

individuals are appointed to government positions based on their
personal connections or loyalty to political leaders. This can lead to
the recruitment of unqualified or inexperienced individuals and
can undermine the principles of merit-based recruitment.
Promotions: Political factors such as connections party affiliation
or support for political leaders may play a role in decisions
regarding promotions. This can create a system where promotions
are based on factors other than performance competence and
experience.
 Relationship between Politics
and Public Personnel.

The relationship between politics and

public personnel can significantly
impact the careers of civil servants.
Here are a few ways it can influence
them:
Appointments and Promotions: Political leaders often have the
authority to appoint or promote civil servants. Those who align
with the current administration's ideology may see faster career
advancement, while those from opposing viewpoints may face
obstacles.

Job Security: The political climate can influence job security. Civil
servants may face job uncertainty if there are plans to reduce
government spending or restructure agencies based on political
decisions.
Bureaucratic Neutrality: Maintaining impartiality and
professionalism is crucial for civil servants. Engaging in partisan
politics or taking sides can negatively impact their careers if it's
seen as a breach of bureaucratic neutrality.

Ethics and Accountability: Political pressure or influence can

sometimes lead to ethical dilemmas for civil servants. Those who
prioritize ethical behavior may face career consequences if they
resist improper political influence.
Legislation and Regulations: Changes in laws and regulations can
affect the working conditions and responsibilities of civil servants,
requiring them to adapt and potentially undergo additional
training or education to keep up with new requirements.

Public Perception: The public's perception of civil servants can be

influenced by their perception of the political leadership. Negative
views of politicians can sometimes extend to government
employees, impacting their morale and public image.
What lesson can we learn from
history and current practices to
better understand and deal
with the influence of politics on
government personnel in the
Philippines
 The influence of politics on government personnel in the Philippines is
a complex issue with a historical context. While it is important to
acknowledge that every country's political landscape is unique, there are
some general lessons that can be learned from history and current practices
to better understand and deal with this issue.

It is worth noting that addressing the influence of politics on

government personnel requires a multi-faceted and sustained effort
involving various stakeholders, including government officials, civil society,
the private sector, and the general public. By learning from historical
experiences and implementing effective practices, it is possible to gradually
reduce the influence of politics and build a more professional and impartial
civil service in the Philippines.
That would be all

Thank
You!