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Programming Concepts Lec-03_1

The document provides an overview of data types in programming, explaining their importance in variable declaration and storage. It details basic data types such as char, int, float, and their variations like unsigned and long types, along with their value ranges. Additionally, it covers the memory space allocated for each data type and examples of how to declare them.

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2 views12 pages

Programming Concepts Lec-03_1

The document provides an overview of data types in programming, explaining their importance in variable declaration and storage. It details basic data types such as char, int, float, and their variations like unsigned and long types, along with their value ranges. Additionally, it covers the memory space allocated for each data type and examples of how to declare them.

Uploaded by

MMC RADIOLOGY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Programming Concepts

Lec-03

By
Amjad Khan Khalil
[email protected]
What is Data type?
 Data types specify the type of value that
will be stored in a particular variable.
Usually data types of a variable gives the
following two types of information to the
compiler.
 It specify the type of value that will be stored
at a particular variable.
 It also specify the storage space that the

compiler will reserved for a particular variable.


Before declaring any variable we must specify
its data types in a program.
Con’t
 We must write first the data type of a
variable then its name as under.

int var1;
int var2 = 10;
The above two statements are known as
variable declaration.
In the second statement, we declared a
variable and also gave it initial value
which is called variable initialization.
Basic data types
 The following three are basic data
types and all other data types are
being derived from these three
basic data types.
 Char (character)
 Int (integer)
 Float (real or floating which consist of
decimal point)
char
 This keyword is used to declare characters.
The size of each character is 8 bits. i.e., 1
byte. The characters that can be used with this
data type are ASCII characters. A variable of
type character can be declared as follow:
char ch;
sign char bcs = ‘H’;
The maximum value that we can store at
character type variable is
from -128 to 127
Unsigned char
 This is derived data type of variable
which show that the value store at
a variable will always be positive.
 A variable of type unsigned can be
declared as
Unsigned char bcs;
The rang of unsigned character will be
from 0 to 255
int
 This int keyword is used to declare
integers, whole numbers either positive
or negative. Most of the compilers treat
this with a size of 2 bytes. i.e., integer of
16 bits length. The following statement
shows how the variables of int type are
declared.
 int var1;
 The rang of values that we can store in
two bytes is from-32768 to 32767
Unsigned int
 If we want that the value store at
integer variable will always be
positive then we use the keyword
unsigned with int as follow.

Unsigned int var;
Then the range of values that can be
stored at this type of variable will be
From 0 to 65536.
Long
 If the value we want to store at integer
variable exceeds from 65536 then we
use the long data type for that variable.
 This long keyword is used for
declaring longer numbers. i.e, numbers
of length 32 bits or 4 bytes.
 for singed long the range of values will
be from -2147483648 to 2147483647
 For unsigned long the range of values
will be from 0 to 4294967295
float
This keyword float is used to declare
floating point decimal numbers. A
sample declaration would be,
float var2;
For float data type the compiler will
also reserved 4 bytes. The range of
values that we can store at float
variable is from -3.4×1038 3.4×1038
double
 It is also a floating point number
but the compiler will reserve 8
bytes space in memory.
 double var;
 The range of values that we can
store at double data type variable is
 From -1.7×10308
 To 1.7×10308
Long double
 If we want to store a greater value
then C++ provides us the facility to
declare the type of a floating
variable as long double.
 For long double data type the
compiler will reserve 10 bytes of
space
 It can be declared as
long double var;

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