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CL 4 Node

The document provides a detailed explanation of nodal analysis for circuit analysis, focusing on calculating node voltages using Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL). It includes multiple problems and solutions, demonstrating the application of KCL and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) in circuits with and without voltage sources. The final results for the node voltages are presented for various circuit configurations.

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4 views24 pages

CL 4 Node

The document provides a detailed explanation of nodal analysis for circuit analysis, focusing on calculating node voltages using Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL). It includes multiple problems and solutions, demonstrating the application of KCL and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) in circuits with and without voltage sources. The final results for the node voltages are presented for various circuit configurations.

Uploaded by

mh0253952
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Md.

Abdul Malek
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE)
Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology (RUET)
Nodal Analysis
Nodal analysis provides a procedure for analyzing circuits using node
voltages as the circuit variables.
Nodal Analysis
Problem: Calculate the node voltages in the circuit.
Nodal Analysis
Solution: Assign node voltages

Labeling of the currents is


arbitrary

At node 1, applying KCL

i1 i2  i3

v1  v2 v1  0 v1  v2  2v1
5  35v1
 v2 20.....(i )
4 2 4
Nodal Analysis

At node 2, applying KCL

i2  i4 i1  i5

v1  v2 v2  0
 10 5 
4 6

v1  v2  40 30  v2
  3v1  5v2 60.....(ii )
4 6
Nodal Analysis

After solving equation (i) and (ii), we get,

v1 13.333 V

v2 20 V
Nodal Analysis

Problem: Determine the voltages at the nodes.


Nodal Analysis

Solution: Assign node voltages and labeling the current

At node 1, applying KCL

3 i1  ix
v1  v3 v1  v2
3 
4 2
v1  v3  2v1  2v2
3 3v1  2v2  v3 12.....(i )
4
Nodal Analysis

At node 2, applying KCL

ix i2  i3

v1  v2 v2  v3 v2  0
 
2 8 4

 4v1  7v2  v3 0.....(ii )


Nodal Analysis

At node 3, applying KCL

i1  i2 2ix
v1  v3 v2  v3 v1  v2
 2
4 8 2
2v1  2v3  v2  v3
v1  v2
8
6v1  7v2  v3 0.....(iii )
Nodal Analysis

After solving equation (i), (ii) and (iii), we get,

v1 4.8 V
v2 2.4 V

v3  2.4 V
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
If a voltage source is connected between the reference node and a
nonreference node, we simply set the voltage at the nonreference node
equal to the voltage of the voltage source.

v1 10 V
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
If the voltage source (dependent or independent) is connected
between two nonreference nodes, the two nonreference nodes form a
generalized node or supernode; we apply both KCL and KVL to
determine the node voltages.
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
A supernode is formed by enclosing a (dependent or independent)
voltage source connected between two nonreference nodes and any
elements connected in parallel with it.

A supernode has no voltage of its own.

A supernode requires the application of both KCL and KVL


Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
Determine the voltages at the nodes.
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
Solution: The supernode contains the 2V source, nodes 1 and 2, and
the 10Ω resistor.
Labeling of the currents is
arbitrary

Applying KCL at supernode,


2v1  v2  28
2
2 i1  i2  7 4
v1  0 v2  0
2  7 2v1  v2  20.......( i )
2 4
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
To get the relationship between v1 and v2 we apply KVL

 v1  2  v2 0

 v1  v2 2......( ii )
After solving equation (i) and (ii), we get,

v1  7.333V
v2  5.333V
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
Problem: Find the node voltages
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources
Solution: Nodes 1 and 2 form a supernode

Nodes 3 and 4 form another supernode

Labeling the direction of currents


Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources

Applying KCL at supernode 1-2,

i3  10 i1  i2

5v1  v2  v3  2v4 60.......( i )

v3  v2 v1  v4 v1  0
 10  
6 3 2
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources

Applying KCL at supernode 3-4,

i1 i3  i4  i5

4v1  2v2  5v3  16v4 0.......( ii )

v1  v4 v3  v2 v4  0 v3  0
  
3 6 1 4
Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources

Apply KVL to loop 1,

 v1  20  v2 0
v1  v2 20....( iii )

Apply KVL to loop 2, v x v1  v4

 v3  3v x  v4 0

3v1  v3  2v4 0.......( iv)


Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources

After solving equation (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get,

v1 26.67 V v3 173.33V

v2 6.667 V v4  46.67 V
Thank You

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