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Inheritance and Polymorphism Presentation

The document discusses inheritance and polymorphism in Java, highlighting their roles in code reuse and hierarchical classification. It covers concepts such as superclass and subclass relationships, member access rules, the use of the super keyword, and the prevention of inheritance using the final keyword. Additionally, it explains polymorphism, including compile-time and runtime types, dynamic binding, method overriding, and abstract classes.

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3 views19 pages

Inheritance and Polymorphism Presentation

The document discusses inheritance and polymorphism in Java, highlighting their roles in code reuse and hierarchical classification. It covers concepts such as superclass and subclass relationships, member access rules, the use of the super keyword, and the prevention of inheritance using the final keyword. Additionally, it explains polymorphism, including compile-time and runtime types, dynamic binding, method overriding, and abstract classes.

Uploaded by

sangeethak.rvitm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title Slide

Topic: Inheritance and Polymorphism in Java


Course: Object-Oriented Programming
(OOP) - MCA
Introduction to Inheritance
• Inheritance is a mechanism in Java by which
one class acquires the properties and
behaviors of another class.
• Promotes code reuse.
• Enables hierarchical classification.
Inheritance Hierarchies
• Single Inheritance (one class inherits from one
superclass)
• Multilevel Inheritance (a class is derived from a
class, which is also derived from another class)
• Hierarchical Inheritance (multiple classes
inherit from a single superclass)
• Java does not support multiple inheritance with
classes (to avoid ambiguity)
Superclass and Subclass
Superclass: The class whose features are
inherited.
Subclass: The class that inherits from another
class.
Syntax: class SubclassName extends
SuperclassName { }
A subclass can add its own fields and methods in
addition to the superclass members.
Example:
class Animal {
void sound() {
System.out.println("Animal makes a sound");
}
}
class Dog extends Animal {
void bark() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
}
Member Access Rules
• private: Not accessible outside the class.
• default (no modifier): Accessible within the
same package.
• protected: Accessible within the same package
and subclasses.
• public: Accessible from anywhere.
The super Keyword
• Used to refer to the immediate superclass
object.
• super() calls the superclass constructor.
• super.variable and super.method() can access
superclass members.
Example:
class Animal {
Animal() {
System.out.println("Animal constructor");
}
}
class Dog extends Animal {
Dog() {
super();
System.out.println("Dog constructor");
}
}
Preventing Inheritance
• Use the final keyword to prevent inheritance.
• final class: Cannot be subclassed.
• final method: Cannot be overridden by
subclasses.
Example:
final class FinalClass {}
// class Test extends FinalClass { } // Error: cannot inherit
from final class

class Base {
final void display() {
System.out.println("Final method");
}
}
// class Derived extends Base {
// void display() { } // Error: cannot override final method
// }
The Object Class
Every class in Java implicitly inherits from java.lang.Object.
Common methods:
- toString()
- equals(Object obj)
- hashCode()
- getClass()
- clone()
Example:
class Person {
public String toString() {
return "Person class";
}
}
Introduction to Polymorphism
• Polymorphism means "many forms".
• Allows one interface to be used for a general
class of actions.
Two types:
- Compile-time (method overloading)
- Runtime (method overriding)
Dynamic Binding

• Also known as late binding.


• The method call is resolved at
runtime.
• Enables Java to support runtime
polymorphism.
Example:
class Animal {
void sound() {
System.out.println("Animal sound");
}
}
class Dog extends Animal {
void sound() {
System.out.println("Dog barks");
}
}
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal a = new Dog();
a.sound();
}
}
Method Overriding
A subclass provides a specific implementation of
a method already defined in its superclass.
Rules:
- Must have the same method name, return
type, and parameters.
- Cannot override final or static methods.
- Use @Override annotation for clarity.
Example:
class Shape {
void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing shape");
}
}
class Circle extends Shape {
@Override
void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing circle");
}
}
Abstract Classes and Methods
• An abstract class cannot be instantiated.
• May contain abstract methods (without
implementation).
• Must be extended and abstract methods must
be implemented in the subclass.
Syntax:
abstract class Shape {
abstract void draw();
}
class Circle extends Shape {
void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing circle");
}
}
Summary
• Inheritance enables code reuse and hierarchical
classification.
• The super keyword accesses superclass
members.
• Use final to restrict inheritance.
• Polymorphism allows flexibility in method
calling.
• Abstract classes define templates for future
classes.

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