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1 Introduction to Database Systems (2)

The document provides an introduction to databases, defining key terms such as data, database, and Database Management System (DBMS). It outlines the components of a database environment, including hardware, software, data, procedures, and users, while emphasizing the importance of databases for data independence, integrity, and security. Additionally, it discusses the advantages of the database approach and the roles of different types of users within a database system.

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2 views16 pages

1 Introduction to Database Systems (2)

The document provides an introduction to databases, defining key terms such as data, database, and Database Management System (DBMS). It outlines the components of a database environment, including hardware, software, data, procedures, and users, while emphasizing the importance of databases for data independence, integrity, and security. Additionally, it discusses the advantages of the database approach and the roles of different types of users within a database system.

Uploaded by

antomotongori
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

DATABASES

-1
Definitions
• Data
– Known facts
– Types: text, graphics, images, sound, videos
• Database
– Organized collection of logically related data
– A collection of related data.

-2
Cont…
• Database Management System (DBMS): A
software package/ system to facilitate the
creation and maintenance of a computerized
database.
• Database System: The DBMS software
together with the data itself. Sometimes, the
applications are also included.

-3
Components of a Database
• Hardware
– PC, workstation, mainframe, a network of computers.
• Software
– DBMS, operating system, network software (if
necessary) and also the application programs.
• Data
– Used by the organization and a description of this data
called the schema.
• Procedures
– Instructions and rules that should be applied to the
design and use of the database and DBMS.
• People

-4
Importance of Databases
Why Use a DBMS?
• Data independence and efficient access
Data independence is the type of data transparency that matters
for a centralized DBMS. It refers to the immunity of user
applications to changes made in the definition and organization
of data
• Reduced application development time.
• Data integrity and security.
• Concurrent access, recovery from crashes.

-5
Cont….
• Minimal Data Redundancy/Improved
Consistency
• Data Integration
• Multiple Relationships

-6
Advantages of the
database approach
• Data Independence/Reduced Maintenance
• Improved Data Sharing
• Increased Application Development Productivity
• Enforcement of Standards
• Improved Data Quality (Constraints)
• Better Data Accessibility/ Responsiveness
• Security, Backup/Recovery, Concurrency

-7
Database Users
Users are differentiated by the way they expect to interact with
the system
• Application programmers – interact with system through DML calls
• Sophisticated users – form requests in a database query language
• Specialized users – write specialized database applications that do not
fit into the traditional data processing framework
• Naïve users – invoke one of the permanent application programs that
have been written previously
– Examples, people accessing database over the web, bank tellers, clerical
staff

-8
Assignment
• Discuss five advantages of electronic
databases over the traditional files

-9
The Database Environment

TM 1-10
1-10
Cont.
• A database environment is a system of
components that regulate the collection,
management and use of data. It includes
software, hardware, people, procedures and
the data itself.

-11
Cont.
• The hardware in a database environment includes
computers and computer peripherals and the software is
everything from the operating system to the application
programs. it includes database management software like
Microsoft Access or SQL Server.
• The people in a database environment includes everyone
who administrates and uses the system. The procedures
are the rules and instructions given to both the people and
the software and the data is the collection of facts and
information located within the database environment.

-12
Components of the
database environment
• CASE Tools – automated tools used to design databases
and applications
• Repository – generalized knowledge for all data
definitions, relationships, screen/report formats – an
extended set of metadata for managing databases and other
components of the information system
• Database Management System (DBMS) – software
(sometimes specialized hardware) used to define, create,
maintain and provide controlled access to the database and
the repository.
• Database – an organized collection of logically related
data occurrences
-13
Components of the database
environment
• Application Programs – software used to create and
maintain the database and provide information to users.
• User Interface – languages, menus etc by which users
interact with other system components
• Data Administrators – people responsible for overall
information resources of an organisation.
• Systems analysts/programmers and end Users – people
who add, delete and modify the database and who get
information from it.

-14
Components
of the
database
environment

-15
Database Development Cycle
Assignment:
•Define database cycle?
•Explain the importance of developing a
database using this process?
•Discuss the stages of database development?

-16

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