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ECEN214 Spring2022 Class17

The document outlines the concepts of impedance in electrical circuit theory, focusing on phasor analysis for AC circuits. It explains the behavior of resistors, inductors, and capacitors in AC, highlighting the use of complex numbers to represent impedance. Additionally, it includes examples and assignments for students to practice these concepts.

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Fakhry Al-Dokom
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4 views10 pages

ECEN214 Spring2022 Class17

The document outlines the concepts of impedance in electrical circuit theory, focusing on phasor analysis for AC circuits. It explains the behavior of resistors, inductors, and capacitors in AC, highlighting the use of complex numbers to represent impedance. Additionally, it includes examples and assignments for students to practice these concepts.

Uploaded by

Fakhry Al-Dokom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECEN 214, Spring 2022

Electrical Circuit Theory


Class 17: Impedance

Prof. Adam Birchfield


Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Texas A&M University
[email protected]
2

Review: Phasor Analysis


• A phasor is a complex number that represents a cosine-valued AC function
• The Root Mean Square (RMS) for cosine is found by dividing the maximum value by
• In polar form,, a phasor represents the RMS voltage or current and phase angle

• Conversions to rectangular form: a+jb, and back can be done with these identities:

• Complex number addition can be done in rectangular form, and complex number
multiplication can be done in polar form.
• Phasor diagrams have the real part on the x axis and imaginary part on the y axis.
• The angular frequency is .
• KVL, KCL, and Ohm’s law all apply with AC phasor analysis exactly as with DC.
• This means you can use Node-Voltage and Mesh-Current analysis methods too.
3

Resistors and AC Phasors


• Resistors still have Ohm’s law, which
applies with phasors

• Frequency is not involved


+

120 ∠ −15 ° V 𝐼
12 𝑘 Ω
_
4

Inductors and AC
• Remember the equation for inductors? 60 Hz is the frequency

• If v(t) and i(t) are cosine functions

• So for phasor analysis we need to multiply by +


and have a +90 degree phase shift (cos to sin)
120 ∠ −15 ° V 𝐼
5 𝑚𝐻
• No differential equations! Just multiply by _
• For this example

• What if frequency was really high? Really low?


5

Impedance
• You can do a similar analysis and find
Units of impedance are Ohms for all three!
the following equation for capacitors

• Both inductors and capacitors are Element Time Domain Phasor Z


algebraic rather than differential in AC Domain (impedance)
• We use the concept of “impedance” Resistor
which is like a complex resistance, to Inductor
represent resistors, inductors, and Capacitor
capacitors

• Z is a complex number, the impedance,


that depends on the inductors, resistors,
and capacitors How do inductors and capacitors behave differently in
high and low frequencies?
Remember, DC steady-state is sort of like
6

Example 1
• Find the current phasor I for this 1 kHz
circuit
• Impedance of the resistor? 𝐼

• Impedance of the capacitor? + 30 𝜇 𝐹


80
_
30 Ω
• You can treat impedances just like
complex resistances! The capacitor and
resistor are in parallel

What would this be as a time function?


What would it be in a lower frequency?
7

Example 2
Solve for the phasor for this circuit if
it is operated at 400 Hz

50 Ω 5 𝑚𝐻

+ 50 0 𝑛 𝐹 +
40 𝑉𝑐
_ _
8

Example 3
• Solve for current . The impedance is already
given, so you don’t need the frequency

10 kΩ

+
𝐼1
100 80 30 kΩ
_
9

Example 4

Find the time signal (Try using mesh-current


analysis and node-voltage analysis.) 𝑖 𝑠
4 mH

2W
+
+
𝑣𝑠 𝑣1 10W
_
_ 300
10

Assignments
• Zybook Chapter 7
• Quiz next class on AC circuits
and impedance
• Start working on HW 7A
• Sign up for the power plant tour
April 5th
• Review in-class examples and
notes
– Practice, practice, practice!
• Don’t forget, you need to go to
office hours at least once in
either March or April. Bring at
least one technical question!

Source: https://www.btutilities.com/about-btu/btu-history/

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