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Lecture 1

Linux is an open-source, Unix-like operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991, known for its stability, security, and scalability. Various Linux distributions cater to different needs, such as Ubuntu for beginners and Kali Linux for security testing. Installation methods include dual booting, virtual machines, and cloud services, with a powerful terminal interface for command execution.

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2 views5 pages

Lecture 1

Linux is an open-source, Unix-like operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991, known for its stability, security, and scalability. Various Linux distributions cater to different needs, such as Ubuntu for beginners and Kali Linux for security testing. Installation methods include dual booting, virtual machines, and cloud services, with a powerful terminal interface for command execution.

Uploaded by

syedbaran438
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is Linux and Why Use

It?
 Linux is an open-source, Unix-like
operating system kernel.
 Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991.
 Free to use, modify, and distribute.
 Highly stable, secure, and scalable.
 Popular for servers, development, and
embedded systems.
 Backed by a strong open-source
community.
Linux Distributions
Overview
 Linux distros are different flavors of Linux with
unique package managers, tools, and use cases.
 Ubuntu – User-friendly, great for beginners and
desktops.
 CentOS/AlmaLinux – Stable, used for servers
(RHEL-based).
 Kali Linux – Security-focused, used for penetration
testing.
 Debian – Stable and reliable base for other
distros.
 Arch Linux – Lightweight and highly customizable.
Basic Linux Architecture
 Linux has a modular architecture with core
components.
 Kernel – Core of the OS, manages hardware
and resources.
 Shell – Interface between user and kernel (e.g.,
Bash).
 File System – Hierarchical directory structure.
 User Space – Where user applications run.
 System Libraries – Interfaces between
applications and kernel.
Installing Linux
 Linux can be installed in various ways
depending on the use case.
 Dual Boot – Install Linux alongside Windows for
flexibility.
 VirtualBox – Run Linux inside a virtual machine.
 WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) – Use
Linux inside Windows without VM.
 Live USB – Try Linux without installing it.
 Cloud-based installations – On services like
AWS, Azure.
Using the Terminal and Shell
Commands
 Terminal is a powerful interface to
interact with Linux systems.
 Basic commands: ls, cd, pwd, mkdir, rm,
cp, mv
 File viewing: cat, less, head, tail
 System info: uname, top, df, free
 Process management: ps, kill, htop
 Package updates and installation via
terminal

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