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5.urinary System Slides

The document provides an overview of the urinary system, detailing its components including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. It describes the structure and function of the kidneys, particularly focusing on the nephron, its types, and the renal corpuscle. Additionally, it outlines the characteristics of the ureter and urinary bladder, emphasizing their epithelial lining and muscle layers.

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0 views25 pages

5.urinary System Slides

The document provides an overview of the urinary system, detailing its components including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. It describes the structure and function of the kidneys, particularly focusing on the nephron, its types, and the renal corpuscle. Additionally, it outlines the characteristics of the ureter and urinary bladder, emphasizing their epithelial lining and muscle layers.

Uploaded by

abbasnasidi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Urinary

System
Given by : Dr. Attayeb
Abo Slo7
Written by :

Made up 2 date: Abo Malek


Thanks for: Dr.Abdullah
Urinary System
 Consists of :-
 Two kidneys
 Two ureters
 Urinary Bladder
 Urethra
The kidney
 The kidney consists of:-
1. Outer cortex
2. Inner medulla : Divided into 10-18 medullar
pyramids by extensions of the cortex called
cortical columns ( renal columns )
• Medullar rays are straight extensions from
the medulla into the cortex.
3. Renal pelvis : a central branched chamber
which receives the urine & opens into the
ureter .
The uriniferous tubules
 The functional unit of the Kidney is
called uriniferous tubule which
Consists of two parts:-
1. Nephron
2. Collecting duct
The nephron.1
 The nephron is an epithelial tubule
cosisting of the following parts:-
1. Renal corpuscle (in cortex)
2. Proximal convulated tubule (in cortex)
3. Descending thick limb (in medullary ray)
4. Descending thin limb (in medulla)
5. Loop of Henle (in medulla)
6. Ascending thin limb (in medulla)
7. Ascending thick limb (in medullary ray)
8. Distal tubule (in cortex)
Collecting tubules.2
 Cortical collecting tubules (in medullary ray)
join to form:
form
 Medullary collecting tubules (in the medulla)
join to form:
form
 Papillary collecting duct of Bellini (in the
deep part of the medulla called renal
papilla)
 Ducts of Bellini open into the renal pelvis .
Types of nephrons
 Cortical nephrons:
 With renal corpuscle in the outer part of the
cortex & short loop of Henle in the medulla.

 Juxta-medullary nephrons:
 With renal corpuscle is near the cortico-
medullary junction & long loop of Henle.
Renal corpuscle
 Contains the glomerulus (fenestrated blood
capillaries) supplied by afferent arteriole
and drained by efferent arteriole.
 Surrounding the glomerulus is Bowman's
capsule witch consists of 2 layers :
 Partial layer of simple squamous
epithelium.
 Visceral layer of cell called podocytes
supporting the glomerules.
 Between the two layers is the urinary space
Components of the
glomerulrs
1. Fenestrated capillaries ( fenestration
without diaphragm )
2. Basal lamina ( filtration barrier )
3. Cell called podocytes.
4. Cell called mesangial cells.
The podocytes
 The podocytes have primary
processes & secondary cytoplasmic
processes. surrounding the basal
lamina of the glomerular capillaries.

 Between the processes are the


filtration slits covered with
diaphragm.
Mesangial cells

 Located between the endothelium &


the basal lamina of the glomerular
capillaries.

 They are supporting, contractille and


phagocytic.
Proximal convoluted
tubule (PCT)
 Sections of PCT are more than those of
distal tubule because PCT is longer than
the distal tubule DCT.
 Acidophilic large simple cuboidal cells with
microvilli (brush border) forming irregular
lumen.
 Few nuclei appear in section of PCT
because the cells are larger .
 The descending thick limb is similar to
PCT.
Distal convoluted
tubule (DCT)
 Simple cuboidal epithelium.
 Smaller cells and more nuclei in sections
than PCT.
 Clearly defined lumen without brush
border.
 Sections of DCT are less than those of PCT
 The ascending thick limb is similar to PCT
Juxtaglomerular
apparatus
 Found near Bowman's capsule &
Consists of 3 types of cells:-
 Juxtaglomerular cells: modified smooth
muscle cells of the afferent arteriole
secreting the enzyme renin
 Macula densa: cells of DCTin contact with
juxtaglomerular cells without a basal
lamina
 Extraglomerular mesangial cells:
supporting cells between the afferent &
efferent arterioles & macula densa
The medulla contains
1. Ascending and descending thin limbs of
loop of Henle (simple squamous epithelium).
2. The medullary collecting tubules (similar
to the cortical collecting tubles (simple
cuboidal epithelium with clear cell boundaries).
3. Papillary collecting ducts of Bellini (tall
columnar epithelium with clear cell boundaries)
4. Vasa recta: descending arterioles and
ascending venules :(simple squamous
epithelium).
The renal pelvis

 The renal pelvis is lined by


transitional epithelium.
 Has branches called Major and Minor
calyces.
The ureter
 Transitional epithelium.

 In the upper part the muscularis externa


has 2 layers of smooth muscle (inner
longitudinal and outer circular).
 In the lower part it has 3 layers (inner
longitudinal and middle circular & outer
longitudinal).
 Adventitia is outer most CT layer.
Urinary bladder
 Transitional epithelium.
 Lamina propria may contain mucous
glands near the opening of the urethra
.
 Smooth muscle of the muscularis
externa forms the internal urethral
sphincter.
 Adventitia is the outermost CT layer
(serosa on the superior surface )

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