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Probability

The document outlines the competencies and definitions related to probability for an 8th-grade mathematics curriculum. It includes examples of experiments, sample spaces, and events, as well as theoretical and experimental probabilities. Additionally, it provides practice problems and activities to reinforce understanding of probability concepts and the fundamental counting principle.

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isladejan
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5 views26 pages

Probability

The document outlines the competencies and definitions related to probability for an 8th-grade mathematics curriculum. It includes examples of experiments, sample spaces, and events, as well as theoretical and experimental probabilities. Additionally, it provides practice problems and activities to reinforce understanding of probability concepts and the fundamental counting principle.

Uploaded by

isladejan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics 8

Quarter 4

Probability
Competencies
• Defines experiment, outcome, sample space and event.
• Explains and interprets the probability.
• Differentiates between an experimental probability and a
theoretical probability.
• Counts the number of occurrences of an outcome in an
experiment and organize them using a table, tree diagram,
systematic listing, and the fundamental counting principles.
• Solves simple problems involving probabilities of events.
Definitions
• Experiment – activity with an observable result

• Outcome – result of the experiment

• Sample Space – set of all possible different outcomes of an


experiment

• Event – subset of a sample space

Examples:
a. Tossing a coin
b. Rolling a die
c. Throwing a coin and a die together
Examples
Example 1
Experiment : tossing a coin
Sample Space: S = {H, T}
Number of possible outcomes: n(S) = 2
Examples
Example 2
Experiment : rolling a die
Sample Space: S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Number of possible outcomes: n(S) = 6
Examples
Example 3
Experiment : throwing a coin and a die together
Sample Space: S = {H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, T1,
T2, T3,
T4, T5, T6}
Number of possible outcomes: n(S) = 12
What is the Probability?

Probability can be solved theoretically in which each event is assumed to be


equally likely. Look carefully at the given set, then match column A with column
B.
Given: Set R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
Column A Column B
The probability of having:
___ 1. a 10 a.
___ 2. a 13 b. or
___ 3. odd number c. or
___ 4. even numbers d. or
___ 5. an odd number divisible by three e. or
___ 6. an even number divisible by three f. or 0
What is the Probability?

Questions:
1. How many possible outcomes are there?
2. To have even numbers, how many favorable outcomes are
there?
3. Considering your answers, how do you compute for the
probability of an event?
4. What formula can be used?
5. This activity uses Theoretical Probability. How do you define
Theoretical Probability?
Probability of Events
The probability of an event, P(event), is a number from 0 to 1
which tells how likely this event to happen.
Probability Rules
1. The probability of any event is a number (either a fraction, a
decimal, or a percent) from 0 to 1.
2. If an event will never happen, then its probability is 0.
3. If an event is sure to happen, then the probability is 1.
4. The sum of the probabilities of all the outcomes in the sample
space is 1.
Match Me with the Probability Scale
1. There are seven days in a week.
2. Out of 20 items, Jann got 15.
3. In the Philippines, it will snow in March.
4. If you flip a coin, it will come down heads.
5. All months of the year have 28 days.
6. It will be daylight in Manila at midnight.
7. The day before Monday is Sunday.
8. Of the 40 seedlings, only 10 survived.
9. Next year, the month after November has thirty days.
10.The third person to knock on the door will be a female.
11. The chance the last outcome in rolling a number cube is an
even number.
Probability of Event
See My Prob-ability?
Solve the following carefully, then write the correct answer on the
space provided before each number.
___ 1. Earl is asked to choose a day from a week. What is the
probability of choosing a day which starts with S?
___ 2. Choosing a month from a year, what is the probability of
selecting a month with 31 days?
___ 3. If a letter is chosen random from the word
PERSEVERANCE, what is the probability that the letter
chosen is E?
___ 4. If one letter is chosen at random from the word
TRUSTWORTHY, what is the probability that the letter
chosen is a consonant?
See My Prob-ability?
___ 5. The sides of a cube are numbered 11 to 16. If Jan Renz
rolled the cube once, what is the probability of rolling a
composite number?
___ 6. A box contains 7 red balls, 5 orange balls, 4 yellow balls, 6
green balls, and 3 blue balls. What is the probability of
drawing out an orange ball?
___ 7. Of the 45 students in a class, 25 are boys. If a student is
selected at random for a field trip, what is the probability of
selecting a girl?
___ 8. Two fair coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the
probability of showing a tail (T) followed by a (H)?
See My Prob-ability?
___ 9. A spinner is divided equally and numbered as follows:
1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1,1, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2.
What is the probability that the pointer will stop at an
even
prime?
___ 10. What is the probability of getting an 8 from a deck of 52
cards?
Fundamental Counting Principle

If you have f ways to do the first and s


ways to do the second event, then you
can find the total number of outcomes
by multiplying f and s, that is (f)(s).
Count and Answer

Read the following situations carefully


then answer all the questions that may
lead you to understand the fundamental
counting principle.
1. On Sunday morning, you washed most of
your clothes and they are still wet. Your
friend invites you to attend his birthday
party and you are left with only two
pants and three shirts. In how may
different ways can you dress? Make a
tree diagram to show all the choices you
Count and Answer

You go to a restaurant to buy some


breakfast.
The menu says, for food: pancakes,
waffles, or
home fries; for drinks: coffee, juice, hot
chocolate, and tea and for dessert: ice
cream and
fruit salad . How many different
choices
of food, drink, and dessert do you
have? Make a
Performance Task

You have a choice of one main dish, one


vegetable
and one beverage. The main dish choices
are
lobster, chicken, fish or steak. The
vegetable
sources are ampalaya, lettuce or broccoli.
The
beverage choices are cola, tea or
pineapple. How
many menus are possible?
Performance Task

d. How many outcomes show lobster?


e. How many outcomes show chicken and
broccoli?
f. If you include lemonade as a beverage
choice,
how many menus would be possible?
Let’s Roll It!
Analyze the problem carefully. Fill in the table correctly and
answer the questions that follow.
You are holding a die. Your seatmate is holding another die.
If both of you roll the dice at the same time, how many outcomes
are possible?
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1,1 2, 1 3, 1 4, 1 5, 1 6, 1
2 1, 2 2, 2 3, 2 4, 2 5, 2 6, 2
3 1, 3 2, 3 3, 3 4, 3 5, 3 6, 3
4 1, 4 2, 4 3, 4 4, 4 5, 4 6, 4
5 1, 5 2, 5 3, 5 4, 5 5, 5 6, 5
6 1, 6 2, 6 3, 6 4, 6 5, 6 6, 6
Practice

A pair of dice is tossed. List the


elements in the
following events:
1.The number shown on one of the
dice is 5
2.A sum of 9
3.A number less than 3 showing on
each of the dice
4.A number greater than 3 showing
Practice

List all the outcomes in each of the


following events for the coin-die
experiment.
1.The coin comes up heads
2.the coin comes up tails
3.The die comes up one
4.The die comes up 5
Activity

A pair of dice is tossed. List the


elements in the
following events:
1.The number shown on one of the
dice is 4
2.A sum of 10
3.A number less than 4 showing on
each of the dice
4.A number less than 5 showing on
Activity

List all the outcomes in each of the


following events for the coin-die
experiment.
1. The die does not come up 6
2. The die comes up 4 or 5
3. The coin comes up heads and the die, a
number greater than 3
4. The coin comes up tails and the die, an
even number
Activity

Three coins are tossed one after the


other. Here are the possible outcomes.
HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH,
TTT
Using the outcomes of tossing the tree
coins, what is the probability of getting
1. three heads?
6. two tails?
2. two heads?
7. one tail?
3. one head?

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