INSTRUMENTATION
BY
BELLO, SA’AD MOHD (RPON)
OUTLINE
1. Definition
2. Manufacture of Surgical
Instruments
3. Anatomy of the Instrument
4. Instrument nomenclature
5. Classification of surgical
instruments
6. Care after use
What do you think an
instrument is?
Definition of Surgical instruments
Instruments are precision tools or
devices required for safe
performance of surgery.
Instruments are tools that are use
during surgical procedure to perform
function such as cutting, grasping,
aspirating and or exposing a
particular body tissue.
Manufacture of Surgical
instruments
Most surgical instruments are
made from
Stainless
steel
But there are other metals involved in
manufacture of surgical instruments
Such as
Chromiu Vanadiu Molybdenu
Titanium m
m m
Anatomy/Structure of
instrmts
Tips
Jaws
Box lock
Shank
Ratchet
Finger ring
Instrument nomenclature
This is the system of naming of surgical
instruments. Instruments are given names
based on the following;
Maker’s name e.g Mayo’s scissors,
Doyen retractor, Metzenbaum scissors,
Legenbeck etc
Functions e.g retractor, dissector,
haemostat etc
Size e.g small, medium and large
dissecting forceps.
Structure e.g eyelid retractor, bone
Classification
Surgical instruments are classified
base on the following ;
• Functions – cutting, dissecting,
holding etc
• Grade – disposable, surgical & floor
grade
• Power – powered & non powered
• Series – 300 & 400 series
•
Functional
classification
1. Cutting and dissecting
surgical
Many surgical instruments are
instruments:
used for cutting skin, soft tissue,
and even bones, or dissecting
tissues through their anatomical
planes.
Examples of surgical instruments
used for cutting or dissecting are
blades, scissors, bone cutters,
Blades of Scissor
various
sizes s
Curved
Mayo
Metzenbau
m
Periosteal
elevator curette
Bone
cutter
Osteotome
Bone chisel
s
2. Grasping and
holding surgical
instruments:
Certain instruments are use to
grasp or hold tissues to help to
have a closer view of their surgical
field.
The most common
instruments used for this purpose
are forceps (including tissue
forceps, smoothed forceps,
toothed forceps, Allis forceps,
Allis
forcep
s
Babco
ck
forcep
s
Bayon
et
forcep
s
Forceps
DeBekey
Nonthoothed
Forceps
Adson
thoothed
Magill
forceps
3. Clamping and
occluding surgical
instruments:
Those instruments are mainly
used for clamping blood vessels
and/or other tissue to get them
away from the field during surgical
procedures. They include
hemostatic forceps, hemostats,
crushing clamps, and non-crushing
vascular cramps.
Mixter
hemostats Vascular,
glover
hemostats
Fogarty
hemostats
Mosqui
Kelly
to
forceps
forceps
Clamp Artery
forceps forceps
4. Retracting and
exposing instruments:
Retractors assist surgeons to have a better
visualization of the surgical field. Surgeons
retract tissues away without traumatizing
them through using those instruments. Balfour
abdominal retractor is a common example of
surgical instruments used in laparotomy. Other
examples include Army navy and Farabeuf
retractor. Some retractors, such as GELPI
perineal retractor, are self-retaining, thus
facilitating operative field visualization.
Finochietto is a bone retractor used for
sternotomy operations. Hooks, such as skin,
Richardso
n Harringto
retractor n
retractor
malleable Deaver
retractor retractor
Bookwalt
Balfour Volkman
er
retractor retractor
retractor
Bone
hook
Weitlan
Cerebel er
lar retracto
retracto r
r
Gelpi
retracto
5. Suturing and
stapling surgical
instruments:
Suturing, as well as stapling, instruments
are designed to bring the edges of the
skin and/or soft tissue adjacent together.
The typical suturing kit is composed of a
suturing material, a needle, a needle
holder, a toothed forceps, and a fine
suturing scissor.
Staplers and clip appliers are other
instruments that can be included in this
category. Staplers can be used for
Webster Castroviejo
needle needle
holder holder
Barraquer
needle
6. Suctioning and
aspiration
instruments:
Surgical and dental fields may be filled
with blood and copious amount of fluids
that obscure the underlying structures.
Surgeons, thus, use particular
instruments to remove these fluids from
their filed, for instance, Poole abdominal
tips used in laparotomy, Frazier tip used
in brain and orthopedic operations, and
Yankauer suction tip used for
Frazier Pool suction
suction tip tip
Yankauer
suction tip
7. Dilating and probing
instruments:
Dilating instruments are used to expand the
size of an orifice such as the cervical os or
the urethra. Dilators have different calibers
ranging from small to large; surgeons start
to use small dilators and gradually increase
the size of the dilator inserted to expand the
orifice. Probes, on the other hand, are
inserted into natural openings, such as
urethra, vagina, and common bile ducts, to
explore these cavities. Urethral and uterine
urethr
Hegge
al
rs
dilator
dilator
s
s
Vagina
l
dilator
8. MISCELLANEOUS
INSTRUMENTS
To date, thousands of surgical
instruments were developed to
assist professional surgeons to
perform their operations.
Some surgical instruments are
designed for general use in
different types of surgery, whereas
others are highly-specific and used
Number 3, 4, and 7 knife
Backhaus
towel clip
Jones towel
clip
Rampleys
sponges
Care of the instruments
after use
Instruments are cared
immediately after use through
the following ways;
Cleaning – manual or
ultrasonic
Decontamination
Disinfection and
Sterilization
Conclusion
With the variety and
complexity of surgical
techniques, surgeons use
different instruments to
optimize their performance. To
date, thousands of surgical
instruments were developed to
assist professional surgeons to
