456 Bio Sensors
Uploaded by
Ram VBIT456 Bio Sensors
Uploaded by
Ram VBITPresentation on
BIOSENSORS
Presented by
Venkatesh .D
Electronics and Communication Engineering HOD
Mr.B.Kranthi Kumar Internal Guide Ms. Pragathi
VIDYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pembarthy, Jangaon.
INTRODUCTION
What Is a Biosensor? Biosensor = bioreceptor + transducer. The bioreceptor is a biomolecule that recognizes the target analyte
whereas the transducer converts the recognition event into a measurable signal.
Enzyme is a Bioreceptor Requirements for Sensors
Need for Biosensor
Diagnostic Market The current climate of prevention the need for detection at increasingly lower limits is increasing in many diverse areas Clinical Testing Clinical testing is one of the biggest diagnostic markets clinical testing products market in excess of 4000 million US$ in the 1990s Other Markets The medical arena (Technical Insights Inc.) with veterinary and agricultural applications
Specificity
With biosensors, it is possible to measure specific analytes with great accuracy. Speed Analyte tracers or catalytic products can be directly and instantaneously measured Continuous monitoring capability Biosensors regenerate and reuse the immobilized biological recognition element
Bioreceptor Molecules
Enzymes
Enzymes act as catalysts for biochemical reactions occurring in the cell
Antibody
Antibodies constitute about 20% of the total plasma protein and are collectively called immunoglobulin
Receptor Protein
Receptor proteins having specific affinity for hormones, antibodies, enzymes Other Possibilities
Transducers
Conventional Transducers Piezoelectric Transducers Conductimetry Capacitance Measurement Thermometry Enzyme Thermistor FET as a Transducer
Growth of Biosensor
Biosensor Configurations Discriminative Membrane Sensitivity Requirements Immunoassay DNA Probe Evolution of Biosensors
Receptors
Receptors at Membrane
Biological receptors are protein molecules most of them are bound to the cell membrane Hormone Receptors Many hormones released into the blood do not penetrate the cell membrane but react with specific receptors at the cell surface Smell Receptor taste and olfactory receptors are typical examples of this biospecific recognition process Light Receptor
Types of biosensor
Glucose Biosensor
Amperometric Biosensor
Glucose biosensor using glucose oxidase is used as an example
Potentiometer Biosensor
Examples of Potentiometric Biosensor Penicillin biosensor Glucose biosensor Urea biosensor
Design Variables
Immobilization Methods
(1) adsorption
(2) entrapment (3) covalent coupling (4) cross-linking Change in Conformation Change in Microenvironment Non-Uniform Distribution Reaction and Diffusion
Applications of Biosensor
Health Care
Measurement of Metabolites Market Potential Diabetes Insulin Therapy Artificial Pancreas
Industrial Process Control
Bioreactor Control
Military Application Environmental Monitoring
Air and Water Monitoring
Future Prospects
Data Processing and Pattern Recognition Micro Instrument Molecular Electronics Multi-Disciplinary Nature
CONCLUSION
Biosensors consist of bio-recognition systems, typically enzymes or binding proteins, such as antibodies, immobilized onto the surface of physico-chemical transducers
