MACRO PERSPECTIVES
of
Tourism and Hospitality
THE HISTORY
OF
TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
The History of the Tourism
EARLY TOURISM
Industry
• Travel and exploration are basic to human
Nature.
• The term “ tourism” was used only in the 19th
century.
• Tourism is derieved from the Hebrew word
“torah”which means studying, learning or
searching.
The History of the Tourism
Industry
PILGRAMES
TRAVEL FOR BUSINESS -were made to fulfill a vow as in case
-form of business of illness of great danger or penance
for sins
ST. JAMES OF GALICIA
RELIGIOUS TRAVEL
-was the foremost destination of
English pilgrims in the 14th
- form of business century
Tourism in the Medieval
• Period
During the medieval period, the travel
declined.
• TRAVEL derived from the word “TRAVAIL”,
became burdensome, dangerous and
demanding during this time.
• Roads were not maintained and they
became unsafe. Thieves inflicted harm to
those who travel.
• Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones
who traveled.
Tourism during the Renaissance and
Aspect
Elizabeth Eras
Renaissance Era (14th–17th Century)
- Education (early Grand Tour)
Elizabethan Era (1558–1603)
- Cultural (theatre, arts)
Main Purpose of Travel
- Religious pilgrimages - Trade & exploration - Social events, Exploration & diplomacy
- Nobility ,Courtiers, Scholars,Theatre
Who Traveled - Wealthy young men, Merchants, Pilgrims enthusiasts
Popular Destinations - Holy sites (Rome, Santiago) - London (The Globe Theatre, royal courts)
- Classical cities (Florence, Venice, Paris) - Estates - Coastal ports
- Horseback,Carriages, Riverboats,
Modes of Travel - Horse,Carriage,Ships and Walking
Sea voyages
- Renaissance curiosity
- Political stability,
Influences on Travel - Growth of knowledge
Flourishing arts, Naval exploration
- Trade routes
- Safer domestically, International travel
Risks & Challenges - Poor roads ,Bandits,Diseases, Slow travel still risky & costly
Notable Features - Birth of the Grand Tour concept - Religious - Rise of entertainment tourism
motivation prevalent (theatre) - Heightened global curiosity
Tourism during the Industrial Revolution -
Aspect 19th century
Explanation
Main Purpose of Travel Leisure, relaxation (seaside, countryside), health (spas),
sightseeing, and cultural visits.
Who Traveled Middle class, upper class, and working class (short trips).
Popular Destinations Seaside resorts (e.g., Brighton, Blackpool), countryside, cultural
cities, and spa towns.
Modes of Travel Train, steamship, stagecoach, bicycles.
Influences on Travel Industrial growth, higher income, more free time, improved
transportation (railways, steamships).
Risks & Challenges Fewer risks due to safer travel, but overcrowding in popular
places started.
Notable Features Birth of mass tourism, organized package tours
(by Thomas Cook), growth of travel for leisure.
Modern Tourism
✈20th Century (1900s) 📱 21st Century (2000s–Present)
Growth of mass tourism 🌐 Late 20th Century (1980s–1990s) Digital revolution:
after World War II. Globalization made Online booking, travel apps,
and social media influence
international travel travel choices.
Introduction of
easier.
commercial airlines and Growth of eco-tourism,
cheaper flights.
Rise of backpacking, sustainable tourism, and
wellness tourism.
Development of beach adventure travel, and
resorts, national parks, cultural tourism. Increase in medical tourism,
and theme parks. space tourism (starting),
Introduction of online and virtual tourism.
Emergence of package booking systems and
tours (affordable and Challenges from over-
travel agencies. tourism, climate change,
organized).
. and global events like
pandemics.
THE HISTORY
HOSPITALITY
INDUSTRY
Period Key Developments in Hospitality Key Figures in Hospitality
Inns and guesthouses offered basic lodging, food, Early innkeepers and tavern owners
Ancient Times and drink to travelers. (unnamed in history).
Medieval Period Religious institutions and monasteries provided Monks, clergy, and innkeepers who
(5th–15th Century) shelter and food to pilgrims. maintained accommodations.
Renaissance (14th– Growth of inns and taverns; start of travel for Innkeepers and tavern owners
17th Century) education and trade. (unnamed but influential locally).
Industrial Revolution Birth of hotels catering to business travelers; growth Ellsworth Milton Statler – Introduced
(1760–1840) in leisure stays. modern hotel standards (early 1900s).
Period Key Developments in Hospitality Key Figures in Hospitality
César Ritz – Founder of The Ritz; Father of luxury
Early 20th Expansion of hotels and rise of hospitality.
Conrad Hilton – Founder of Hilton Hotels.
Century hospitality chains. J. Willard Marriott – Founder of Marriott
International.
Kemmons Wilson – Founder of Holiday Inn
Late 20th Growth of luxury, budget, and (standardized family-friendly hotels).
Century international hotel brands. Isadore Sharp – Founder of Four Seasons Hotels
(luxury service focus).
Brian Chesky, Joe Gebbia, Nathan Blecharczyk –
21st Rise of tech-driven hospitality Co-founders of Airbnb.
Century (online booking, home-sharing, Anthony Capuano – Current CEO of Marriott
(Modern) apps). International.
Chris Nassetta – CEO of Hilton Worldwide.
END OF
PRESENTATION
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