LIVING IN THE IT ERA

Alicia G. Basibas
2nd Semester AY 2024-2025
Polytechnic University of the Philippines Santa Rosa Campus
 CLASS ORIENTATION
• Mission & Vision of PUP
• Grading System
• Class Rules
 CLASS ORIENTATION
• Mission & Vision of PUP

A Leading Comprehensive Polytechnic University in Asia

Advance an inclusive, equitable, and globally relevant polytechnic education

towards national development.
LITE LECTURE

LESSON 1:INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

(ICT)

LESSON 2: HISTORY OF COMPUTER –BASIC COMPUTING PERIOD

 LESSON OBJECTIVE
• After successful completion of this module, the
student will be able to;
• Demonstrate a sense of readiness for the
upcoming semester;
• Identify their learning outcomes and expectations
for the course;
• Recognize their capacity to create new
understandings from reflecting on the course;
• Know the role and importance of ICT.
 HISTORY OF ICT

ICT, or information and communications

technology (or technologies), is the
infrastructure and components that enable
modern computing.
 USES OF ICT IN OUR DAILY LIVES

• Communication
• Job Opportunities
• Education
• Socializing
 Improved access to information

Improved to education

POSITIVE
IMPACTS OF Access to tools not previously
INFORMATION available
AND Improved communication
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
Improved information technology

Improved security system

 NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF INFORMATION
AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

• Job loss
• Reduced personal interaction:
• Reduced physical activity:
• Cost: A lot of ICT hardware and software
is expensive
• Competition
 Gain familiarity of the different
MODULE 2: discoveries during the different
periods.
HISTORY OF
COMPUTER:
BASIC Learn different inventors and
COMPUTING discoveries during electro-
mechanical age that lead to the
PERIODS inventors of today’s technology.

LESSON
OBJECTIVE: Identify different technologies and
their improvement during the
different generations.
 Computer is a programmable machine.

DEFINITIO Computer is an electronic device that

N OF manipulates information, or data. It has
the ability to store, retrieve, and process
COMPUTE data.
Computer is a machine that manipulates
R data according to a list of instructions
(program).

Computer is any device which aids

humans in performing various kinds of
computations or calculations.
 It responds to a specific
set of instructions in a
well-defined manner.
THREE
PRINCIPAL It can execute a pre-
CHARACTERIST
ICS OF recorded list of
COMPUTER instructions.
It can quickly store and
retrieve large amounts of
data.
 APPLICATIONS OF ICT (COMPUTERS) IN
OUR DAILY LIVES

 Banking and Finance

Business

Communicati
Education
 Transport
on

 Navigation
Arts and  Working From Home
Entertainmen Healthcare
t
 Military
 Social and Romance
Publishing
Retail and
Trade  Booking Vacations
 Security and Surveillance
Science Government  Weather Forecasting
Marketing
 Robotics
 1. BUSINESS

• Almost every business uses computers

nowadays. They can be employed to store
and maintain accounts, personnel records,
manage projects, track inventory, create
presentations and reports. They enable
communication with people both within
and outside the business, using various
technologies, including e-mail. They can
be used to promote the business and
enable direct interaction with customers.
 2. EDUCATION

• Computers can be used to give learners

audio-visual packages, interactive
exercises, and remote learning, including
tutoring over the internet. They can be
used to access educational information
from intranet and internet sources, or via
e-books. They can be used to maintain
and monitor student performance,
including through the use of online
examinations, as well as to create projects
and assignments.
3. HEALTHCARE

• Healthcare continues to be revolutionized by

computers. As well as digitized medical
information making it easier and access
patient data, complex information can also be
analyzed by software to aid discovery of
diagnoses, as well as search for risks of
diseases. Computers control lab equipment,
heart rate monitors, and blood pressure
monitors. They enable doctors to have greater
access to information on the latest drugs, as
well as the ability to share information on
diseases with other medical specialists.
4. RETAIL AND TRADE

• Computers can be used to buy and sell

products online - this enables sellers to reach
a wider market with low overheads, and
buyers to compare prices, read reviews, and
choose delivery preferences. They can be
used for direct trading and advertising too,
using sites such as eBay, Craigslist, or local
listings on social media or independent
websites.
 5. GOVERNMENT

• Various government departments use

computers to improve the quality and
efficiency of their services. Examples include
city planning, law enforcement, traffic, and
tourism. Computers can be used to store
information, promote services, communicate
internally and externally, as well as for
routine administrative purposes
 6. MARKETING

• Computers enable marketing campaigns to be

more precise through the analysis and
manipulation of data. They facilitate the
creation of websites and promotional
materials. They can be used to generate social
media campaigns. They enable direct
communication with customers through email
and online chat.
7. SCIENCE

• Scientists were one of the first groups to

adopt computers as a work tool. In science,
computers can be used for research, sharing
information with other specialists both locally
and internationally, as well as collecting,
categorizing, analyzing, and storing data.
Computers also play a vital role in launching,
controlling, and maintaining space craft, as
well as operating other advanced technology.
 8. PUBLISHING

• Computers can be used to design pretty

much any type of publication. These
might include newsletters, marketing
materials, fashion magazines, novels, or
newspapers. Computers are used in the
publishing of both hard-copy and e-
books. They are also used to market
publications and track sales..
 LIVING IN THE IT ERA
• What are the other applications of ICT?
 HISTORY OF COMPUTER: BASIC
COMPUTING PERIODS

a. Tally sticks (the word "computer" was recorded in 1613

a. Abacus
An abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an
individual in performing mathematical calculations.
a. Napier’s Bones
 Invented by John Napier in 1614.
a. Pascaline
• Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.
• It was its limitation to addition and subtraction.
a. Slide Rule
Invented by William Oughtred in 1622.
• Is based on Napier's ideas about logarithms.
• Jacquard Loom (Punched Card)
• The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom, invented by
Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881.

a. Arithmometer
• A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820,
• The first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculating machine.
a. Difference Engine and Analytical Engine
j. Scheutzian Calculation Engine
• It an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial
• Invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843.
functions.
• Based on chares Baggage’s difference engine
• Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834 • The first printing calculator

• It is the first mechanical computer.

•Tabula
a

First Computer Programmer

In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron suggests to
Babbage that he use the binary system.
She writes programs for the Analytical Engine.
j. Harvard Mark 1
• Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC).
j. Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
• Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943
• It was the first electronic digital computing device.
• The first electro-mechanical computer.
• Invented by Professor John Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry at
Iowa State University between 1939 and 1942.

j. Z1
j. ENIAC
 The first programmable computer. • ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.

 Created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from 1936 to 1938. • It was the first electronic general-purpose computer.
• Completed in 1946.
 j. The First Portable Computer
• Osborne 1 – the first portable computer.
j. UNIVAC 1
• Released in 1981 by the Osborne Computer Corporation.
• The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1) was the first commercial
computer.
• Designed by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.

j. EDVAC
• EDVAC stands for Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
• The First Stored Program Computer
• Designed by Von Neumann in 1952.
 BASIC COMPUTING PERIODS - AGES

• Premechanical
As alphabets became more popular and more people were writing
information down, pens and paper began to be developed. It started off as
just marks in wet clay, but later paper was created out of papyrus plant.
Mechanical
when we first start to see connections between our current technology and
its ancestors. The mechanical age can be defined as the time between
1450 and 1840. A lot of new technologies are developed in this era as there
is a large explosion in interest with this area.
• Electromechanical
The telegraph was created in the early 1800s. Morse code
was created by Samuel Morse in 1835. The telephone (one
of the most popular forms of communication ever) was
created by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. The first radio
developed by Guglielmo Marconi in 1894.
Electronic
the ENIAC and Mark 1. Also during this time high-level
programming languages were created such as FORTRAN
and COBOL.
An actual operating system showed up around this time
along with the advanced programming language BASIC.
The fourth and latest generation brought in CPUs (central
processing units) which contained memory, logic, and
control circuits all on a single chip. The personal computer
was developed (Apple II).
 HISTORY OF COMPUTER: GENERATIONS
OF COMPUTER

• First generation – 1946 to 1958 - used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms
• Second generation – 1959 to 1964 - Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and
ushered in the second generation of computers. One transistor replaced the
equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes.
• Third generation – 1965 to 1970 - integrated circuit was the hallmark of the
third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon
chips, called semiconductors,
• Fourth generation – 1971 to Today - The microprocessor brought the fourth
generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single
silicon chip.
• Fifth generation – Today to future - Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Still in development. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping
to make artificial intelligence a reality. The
•
 ACTIVITY 2
• Same grouping as the first activity
• Create an 8-10 minute video clip of the early computing tools and the
generations of computer
• Include description, function and how they work.