Scribd
Upload
3 views25 pages

Grammar Translation Method

The document outlines various language teaching methods, including the Grammar Translation Method, Direct Method, Audiolingual Method, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Community Language Learning (CLL), Total Physical Response (TPR), and the Silent Way. Each method has distinct features, advantages, and disadvantages, focusing on different aspects of language acquisition such as grammar, communication, and learner autonomy. The document emphasizes the importance of choosing appropriate methods based on learner needs and classroom dynamics.

Uploaded by

jyothikags694
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views25 pages

Grammar Translation Method

The document outlines various language teaching methods, including the Grammar Translation Method, Direct Method, Audiolingual Method, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Community Language Learning (CLL), Total Physical Response (TPR), and the Silent Way. Each method has distinct features, advantages, and disadvantages, focusing on different aspects of language acquisition such as grammar, communication, and learner autonomy. The document emphasizes the importance of choosing appropriate methods based on learner needs and classroom dynamics.

Uploaded by

jyothikags694
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

Grammar Translation Method

• Traditional method used in classical language teaching

• Focuses on reading and writing.

• Emphasizes grammar rules and vocabulary memorization.

• Native language used extensively.

• Translation of sentences/literary passages

• Memorization of grammar rules

• Focus on form and accuracy

• Little emphasis on speaking/listening

• Teacher-centered instruction

His theory distinguishes between acquisition (a subconscious process similar to how children learn their first language) A prominent linguist and learning (a conscious process of studying rules and grammar).
Advantages of Grammar Translation Method

•Develops reading and writing skills

•Enhances understanding of grammar structures

•Suitable for literature appreciation

•Easy to implement with large classes


Disadvantages of Grammar Translation Method

•Neglects speaking and listening skills

•Learners may not develop communicative competence

•Rote memorization over meaningful use

•Less learner engagement


Direct Method

•Emerged as a reaction against Grammar Translation Method

•Emphasizes oral communication

•Only the target language is used

•Focus on everyday vocabulary and grammar in context


Key Features of Direct Method

•No translation or use of mother tongue

•Grammar taught inductively

•Focus on pronunciation and oral skills

•Real-life situations and visual aids used

•Teacher as a facilitator
Advantages of Direct Method

•Promotes speaking and listening

•Improves fluency and pronunciation

•Learner-centered and engaging

•Contextual learning of vocabulary


Disadvantages of Direct Method

•Difficult to implement in large classes

•Requires well-trained teachers

•May not suit beginners without L1 support

•Limited focus on reading and writing


Audio Lingual Method,CLT and CLL

• The Audiolingual Method, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), and Community

Language Learning (CLL) are distinct approaches to language instruction. The

Audiolingual Method focuses on oral skills through drills and pattern practice, while

CLT emphasizes communication and fluency in real-life scenarios. CLL, on the other

hand, is a learner-centered approach where students collaboratively develop their

learning interests and goals, with the teacher acting as a counselor and facilitator.
Audiolingual Method

• Focus: Oral skills, pronunciation, and automatic language production.

• Method: Drills, pattern practice, dialogues, and memorization of set phrases.

• Theory: Behaviorism, emphasizing the formation of language habits through


repetition and reinforcement.

• Example: Students repeating sentences, changing words in patterns, and restating


ideas.

• Goal: To develop automatic responses and accurate pronunciation.


Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

• Focus: Communication, fluency, and meaning-making in authentic contexts.

• Method: Role plays, group discussions, problem-solving tasks, and information gap
activities.

• Theory: Emphasis on interaction and language as a tool for real-life communication.

• Example: Students using the language to negotiate, discuss ideas, and share information.

• Goal: To develop the ability to communicate effectively and fluently.


Community Language Learning (CLL)

• Focus: Learner autonomy, collaboration, and individual language goals.

• Method: Students working together to develop their own learning interests, with the teacher
acting as a counselor and facilitator.

• Theory: Counselling approach, where learners are seen as clients and collaborators in their own
learning.

• Example: Students setting learning goals, discussing their own learning styles, and
collaborating on language projects.

• Goal: To develop a sense of ownership and motivation for language learning.


TPR (Total Physical Response)

• TPR (Total Physical Response) is a language teaching method developed by Dr.

James Asher in the 1970s. It is based on the idea that language learning is best

achieved through physical activity and that understanding should precede

speaking, just as in first language acquisition.


Key Principles of TPR in ELT

Learning through Actions:


•Learners respond to commands or instructions with physical movement.
•Example: The teacher says “Stand up”, and students physically stand up.
Comprehension before Production:
•Students listen and understand before they are expected to speak.
•Reduces learner anxiety and builds confidence.
Brain-Body Connection:
•Links language input to physical movement, aiding memory and recall.
•Engages both the left and right hemispheres of the brain.
Natural Order of Language Learning:
1. Mirrors how children acquire their first language: listen → act → speak.
Stress-Free Environment:
2. Emphasizes enjoyment and participation over correction.
3. Mistakes are tolerated and seen as part of the learning process.
Role of the Teacher:
• Gives clear commands and models the action.
• Provides positive reinforcement.
• Gradually increases complexity and encourages speaking.
Role of the Learner:
• Begins as a listener and responder.
• Progresses to speaking voluntarily.
• Interacts physically with the learning environment.
Common TPR Activities:
• Classroom commands (e.g., “Open your book”, “Point to the
window”)
• Action songs and chants
• Storytelling with gestures and movements
Advantages

• Effective for young learners and beginners.

• Encourages active participation and engagement.

• Enhances retention through physical memory.

• Minimizes anxiety and increases learner confidence.


Disadvantages:

• Limited for advanced learners and abstract concepts.

• May not develop productive skills (speaking, writing) as quickly.

• Less suitable for older or less physically able students.


The Silent Way

• The Silent Way is a language teaching method developed by Caleb

Gattegno in the 1960s. It is a learner-centered, discovery-based

approach to language learning that emphasizes learner autonomy

and active participation while minimizing teacher talk.


Key Principles of the Silent Way

•Silence as a Teaching Tool:


•The teacher remains mostly silent to encourage students to produce language
independently.
•Silence is used to focus attention, stimulate curiosity, and encourage self-correction.
•Learner Autonomy:
•Learners take responsibility for their own learning.
•The teacher acts more as a facilitator or guide, rather than a source of input.
Discovery Learning:

•Learners discover language rules and structures through problem-solving and

experimentation.

•Errors are viewed as a natural part of learning, promoting self-discovery and

correction.
•Use of Physical Tools:
•Cuisenaire rods (colored rods) are used to demonstrate grammar, syntax, and
pronunciation.
•Fidel charts show different spelling patterns of sounds in English.
•Sound-color charts map phonemes to colors, helping with pronunciation and sound
awareness.
•Focus on Pronunciation and Structure:
•Emphasis on correct pronunciation from the beginning.
•Students are trained to distinguish and reproduce sounds accurately.
•Minimal Use of L1 (Mother Tongue):
•The target language is used from the outset.
•Translation is generally avoided to keep learners immersed.

Objectives of the Silent Way


• Develop learner independence.
• Encourage creative language use.
• Promote deep understanding of language structures.
• Foster self-reliance and confidence in communication.
Role of the Teacher:
• Facilitator, observer, and guide.
• Provides minimal verbal input but gives non-verbal cues and
prompts.
• Encourages learners to rely on themselves and peers.
Role of the Learner:
• Active participant in the learning process.
• Responsible for monitoring and correcting their own speech.
• Collaborates with peers for language discovery.
Advantages:
• Encourages deep cognitive engagement.
• Fosters independent learning and confidence.
• Supports accurate pronunciation and awareness of sounds.
Disadvantages:
• May be challenging for beginners with no language background.
• Requires highly skilled teachers trained in the method.
• Not suitable for large classes or learners who expect teacher-centered
instruction.

You might also like