Class 11th

Sets
By-Rahul
Sir
 2
Introduction

● Theconcept of set serves as a fundamental part of the presentday mathematics.

● Today thisconcept is beingused in almosteverybranch of mathematics.

● Sets are used to definethe concepts of relationsand functions.

● Thestudy of geometry, sequences, probability,etc. requires the knowledge of

sets.
1. Sets and their
Representation
 4
Sets and their
Representation :-
● Sets

● Representation of Sets
 5
Sets and their Representation :-

Sets
A set is a well-defined collection of objects.

Thefollowing pointsmay be noted:

i. Objects, elements and members of a set are synonymous terms.
ii. Sets are usuallydenoted by capitalletters A, B, C, X, Y, Z, etc.
iii. Theelementsof a set are represented by smallletters a, b, c, x, y, z, etc.

If p is an element of a set A, we say that “ p belongs to A”.

The Greek symbol ∈(epsilon) is used to denote the phrase‘belongs
to’.
Thus, we write p ∈A.
If ‘p’ is not an element of a set A, we write p ∉A and read“p does
not belong to A”.

Note : Theelements of a set may be listed in any order.

 6
Sets and their Representation :-

Examples:
1. Thecollection of vowels in Englishalphabets.Thisset containsfive
elements, namely, a, e, i, o, u.
2. The collection of first five prime numbers is a set containing the elements
2, 3, 5,
7, 11.
3. Thecollection of all States in the Indian Union is a set.
4. Thecollection of past presidentsof the Indian Union is a set.
5. The collection of cricketers in the world who were out for 99 runs in a test
match
is a set.
6. The collection of good cricket players of India in not a set, since the term
“good
player is vagueand it is not well defined.
 7
Sets and their
Representation :-

Concept Test

Ready for challenge

 8
Sets and their Representation :-

Question: If A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, then insert the

appropriate symbol ∈or
∉ in1. each
4 …of
A the following
2. -4 … blank spaces:
A
3. 12 …A 4. 9 …A
 9
Sets and their Representation :-

Question: If A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, then insert the

appropriate symbol ∈or
∉1.in each
4 …Aof the2.
following
-4 … Ablank spaces:
3. 12 …A 4. 9 …A

:
Solution
1. 4 ∈A 2. -4 ∉ A

3. 12 ∉ A 4. 9 ∈A
 1
Sets and their Representation 1

Question: Which of the following collections are sets?

1. A collection of all natural numbers less than 50.
2. Thecollection of good hockey playersin India.
3. The collection of all beautiful girls of yourcity.
4. Thecollection of difficult topics in Mathematics.
 1
Sets and their Representation 2

Question: Which of the followingcollectionsaresets?

1. A collection of all natural numbers less than 50.
2. Thecollection of good hockey playersin India.
3. Thecollection of all beautiful girls of your city.
4. Thecollection of difficult topics in Mathematics.
Solution :
1. Yes, the set haveall natural numbers from 1 to 49.
2. No, because there is no specific criteria to determinewhethera
hockey
playeris good or not.
3. No, because the set have all beautiful girls of your city that is not
well
defined.
4. No, becausethere is no specific criteria to determine whethera topic
in mathematics is difficult or not.
 1
Sets and their Representation 3

Sets used particularly in mathematics

 1
Sets and their Representation 4

N : The set of all natural

W : numbers The set of all
Z or I : whole numbers The set
Z+ or : of all integers
I+ Q : The set of positive
Q+ : integers
R : The set of all rational
R : numbers
+
The set of positive
rational numbers
The set of real numbers
The set of positive real
numbers
 2.
Representation of
Sets
Sets and their Representation

Representation of
Sets

1.Roster or Tabular 2.Set-builder

Form Form
 1
Sets and their Representation 7

Representation of
Sets
1.Roster or Tabular 2.Set-builder
Form Form

All the elements of a set are listed, the elements are being
separated by commas
and are enclosed within curly bracets { }.
Examples :
1. The set of vowels of English Alphabet can be described as {a,
e, i, o, u}.
2. The set of even natural numbers can be described as
{2, 4, 6, … }. Here the dots stand for ‘and so on’.
 1
Sets and their Representation 8

Representation of
Sets
Roster or Tabular Set-builder
Form Form
 1
11M01.1 - Sets and their 9

Representation
Representation of
Sets
Roster or Set-builder
Tabular Form
Form
● All the elements of a set possess a single common property
which is not
possessed by any element outside the set.
● {x : P(x) holds} or {x | P(x) holds}, which is read as ‘the set of
all x such that
P(x) holds’. The symbol ‘ | ’ or ‘ : ’ is read as ‘such that’.
 2
Sets and their Representation 0

Representation of
Sets
Roster or
Set-builder
Tabular
Form
Form

Examples :
The set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} can be written as A =
{x ∈ N : x ≤ 8}.
 2
Sets and their Representation 2

Question: Column
matching: Set-builder Form Roster Form
I. {x ∈ N : x2 < 25 } A. {11, 13, 17,
19}
II. {x ∈ N : x is a prime number, 10 < x B. {1, 2, 3, 4}
< 20}
 2
Sets and their Representation 3

Question: Column
matching:
Set-builder Roster
Form Form
I. {x ∈ N : x2 < A. {11, 13, 17,
25 } 19}
II. {x ∈ N : x is a prime number, 10 < B. {1, 2, 3,
x < 20} 4}
Solution : I - B

I. {x ∈ N : x2 < 25 }
12 = 1, 22 = 4, 32 = 9, 42 = 16, 52
= 25
x = 1, 2, 3, 4
{1, 2, 3, 4}
 2
Sets and their Representation 4

Question: Column
matching:
Set-builder Form Roster Form
I. {x ∈ N : x2 < 25 } A. {11, 13, 17,
19}
II. {x ∈ N : x is a prime number, 10 < x B. {1, 2, 3, 4}
< 20}
Solution : I - B, II - A

II. {x ∈ N : x is a prime
number, 10 < x < 20}
x = 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19
{11, 13, 17,19}
 2
Sets and their Representation 5

Question: Column
matching: Roster Form Set-builder Form

I. {3, 6, 9, 12, … } A. {x2 : x ∈ N, 1 ≤ x ≤ 10}

II. {1, 4, 9, 16, … , 100} B. {x : x = 3n, n ∈ Z+}

 2
Sets and their Representation 6

Question: Column
matching:
Roster Form Set-builder Form

I. {3, 6, 9, 12, … } A. {x2 : x ∈ N, 1 ≤ x ≤ 10}

II. {1, 4, 9, 16, … , 100} B. {x : x = 3n, n ∈ Z+}

Solution : I – B , II
-A
Question
s
Write the following sets in set builder form:-
1. A = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 }
2. B = { 1,2,4,7,14,28 }
3. C = { 4,8,12,16,20,24 }
4. D = { -6,-4,-2,0,2,4,6 }

Write the following sets in Roster form:-

5. A = {x | x is a prime number less than 10}
6. B = {x | x is an even number between 5 and
15}
7. C = {x | x is a month name starting with 'J'}
 1. Empty
Set
• A set containing no element at all is called the empty set or
the null set or the void set , denoted by Ф ( phi ) or { } .
• A set which has at least one element is called a non empty

ex. A = { x : x = 2 + 3x and x ∈ N }
set.
 2. Singleton
Set
• A set containing exactly one element is called the
Singleton set.
ex. A = { x : x = 2x + 2 and x ∈ N }
B= {1}
 3. Finite and Infinite
Sets
Finite set Infinite set

• Finite set is a set which have finite • Infinite set is a set which have
number of elements. infinite
number of elements.
ex :- A = { 1,2,3 }
ex:- The set of natural numbers {1,2,3,…}.
B = { modi , pappu, lalu }
• The set of even numbers {2,4,6,8,…}.

• The set of prime numbers {2,3,5,7,11,13,…}.

• The set of rational numbers.

• The set of all integers.
 3. Equal and Equivalent
Sets
Equal set Equivalent set

• Two non-empty sets , A and B • Two finite sets A and B are said to
that contain exactly the same be
elements , and we write them equivalent , if n(A)=n(B).
as , A=B .
• Equal sets are always
Ex: 1. A={1,2,3}, B={2,1,3}
equivalent but equivalent sets
2. A = { 2,3 } ,B= { x: x²- need not be equal. Ex:-
5x+6=0 }
A={1,2,3,4} , B = { r,p,m,n }
n(A)=4, n(B)=4

Note: n(A) means no. of elements or

Cardinal number of a set A.
 Question
s
Express the following sets in Roster Form:
• A={ x : x is a prime number and
x≤20 }
• B={ x : x is a multiple of 5 and x<30 }
• C={ x : x is an integer and 0≤x≤10 }
• D={ x : x is a two-digit number
divisible by 7 }
 Question
s
1.Show that ɸ , {0} and 0 are all different sets.
2.State which of the following statements are true and which are false.
Justify your

(i)37 ∉ {x | x has exactly two positive factors}

answer.(NCERT Exempler)

(ii)28 ∈ {y | the sum of the all positive factors of y is 2y}

(iii)7,747 ∈ {t | t is a multiple of 37}
 Subsets

• A set A is said to be a subset of a set B if every element of A is also

an element of B. It is denoted as A ⊂B.

• If A is not a subset of B, we write A ⊄ B. That is, A ⊂B if a∈A

⇒a∈B

 Every set is a subset of itself .

 Null set / empty set is a subset of every set.

 If A is a proper subset of B then B is called superset of A.

 Total no. of subsets of a set having n elements is 2^n .

 Total no. of proper subsets of a set having n elements is

2^n-1
 SUB SETS OF REAL NUMBERS

Some subsets of the set of real numbers ‘R’ are

 The set of natural numbers N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, . . .}
 The set of integers Z = {. . ., –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . .}

 The set of rational numbers Q ={ x: x = p/q , p, q ∈Z and q ≠ 0}

𝒒
 T ={x: x ∈R and x∉Q} i.e., all real numbers that are not rational.

Here, N ⊂Z ⊂Q, Q ⊂R, T ⊂R, N ⊄ T.

 What we have learned?
 A set is a well-defined collection of objects.

A set which does not contain any element is called empty set.
 A set which consists of a definite number of elements is
called finite set, otherwise, the set is called infinite set.
 Two sets A and B are said to be equal if they have exactly the

same elements.
 A set A is said to be subset of a set B, if every element of A is

also an element of B.
 Learning Outcome
In this module we are going to learn about
• Intervals as subset of R
• Power set
• Universal set
• Venn diagrams
• Union of sets
• Intersection of sets
• Practical problems on Union & Intersection of
sets
 INTERVALS AS SUBSET OF REAL NUMBERS

Open Interval: Let a, b ∈R and a < b. Then the set of real

numbers { x : a < x < b} is called an open interval and
is denoted by (a, b).
Closed Interval: Let a, b ∈R and a < b. Then the set
of real
numbers {x : a ≤ x ≤ b} is called closed interval and is
denoted by [ a, b ].
TYPES OF INTERVALS

 (a, b) = { x : a < x < b, x ∈R}

 [a, b] = {x : a ≤ x ≤ b, x ∈R}
 (a, b] = { x : a < x ≤ b, x ∈R}
 [a, b) = { x : a ≤ x < b, x ∈R}
 (0, ∞) = { x : 0 < x < ∞, x
 (- ∞,∞) ∈R}= {x: -∞ < x < ∞, x ∈R} = the set of real
numbers R.
REPRESENTING INTERVALS ON NUMBER LINE

⇒
(a, b) a b

[a, b] ⇒ a b

(a, b] ⇒
a b

[a, b) ⇒ a b
 Questions
1. Find the number of subsets and the number of proper subsets for the given set A = {5, 4, 2, 1, 0}.
2. Find the subsets for the given set A = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.
3. Which of the following are correct statements? A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

(a) {2, 3} ⊂ A

(b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7} ⊃ A

(c) 8 ⊂ A

(d) {3, 5, 1, 7} ⊃ A

(e) {1} ⊂ A

(f) {1, 2, 3, 4} ⊂ A

(g) { } ⊃ A

(h) ϕ ⊂ A
 POWER SET
The collection of all subsets of a set A is called the power
set of A. It is denoted by P(A).
if A = { 1, 2 }, then P( A ) = { φ,{ 1 }, { 2 }, { 1,2 }}
In general, if A is a set with n(A) = m, then n [ P(A)] = 2m.
 UNIVERSAL
SET
In a particular context, we have to deal with the elements and subsets
of a basic set which is relevant to that particular context. This basic set
is called the “Universal Set”.

The universal set is usually denoted by U, and all its subsets by the

letters A, B, C, etc.

For example, for the set of all integers, the universal set can be the set

of rational numbers or the set R of real numbers.

 Questions
1.Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Which of the following are subsets of A?
Which are proper subsets?
a) {1, 2}
b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
c) {2, 3}
d) {1, 2, 3, 4}
e) {} (Empty set)
 Questions
2. What is the power set of the set {a, b}?
3.If A={x,y,z}, B={y,z} and C={x,z}, determine whether B is a subset of A, and whether C is
a proper subset of A.

with respect to U) and check if A⊂U.

4.If U={1,2,3,4,5} is the universal set and A={2,3}, find A^c (the complement of A

Solution :-
 VENN DIAGRAMS
Most of the relationships between sets can
be represented by means of diagrams which
are known as Venn diagrams.
Venn diagrams are named after the English
logician, John Venn (1834-1883).
In a Venn diagram, the universal set is
represented usually by a rectangle and its
subsets by circles or ellipses. John Venn (1834-1883).
 UNION OF
SETS of two sets A and B is the
The union
U
A B

set C which consists of all those

elements which are either in A or in B
A ∪B
(including those which are in both).

The union of two sets A and B is denoted as A ∪B and

usually read as ‘A union B’. Hence, A ∪B = { x : x ∈Aor x
∈B}
Some examples on union of two
sets
Example 1 :
Let A = { 2, 4, 6, 8} and B = { 6, 8, 10, 12}. Find A ∪B
Solution: A ∪B = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}
Example 2 :
Let A = { a, b, c, d } and B = { a, c}. Find A ∪B
Solution:
A ∪B = {a, b, c, d }

Note : If B ⊂A, then A ∪B = A.

PROPERTIES OF UNION OF TWO
SETS

A ∪B = B ∪A (Commutative law)
(A ∪B) ∪C = A ∪(B ∪C) (Associative law )
A ∪∅ = A (Law of identity element, ∅ is the identity of
∪) (Idempotent law)
A ∪A
= A U ∪A (Law of U)

=U
INTERSECTION OF TWO
SETS U
The intersection of two sets A and
A B
B is the set of all those elements
which belong to both A and B. A∩
B
Symbolically, we write A ∩ B = {x : x ∈A and x
∈B}. Example:

Let A = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} and B = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 9}, find

A∩B.
Solution: A∩B = {3, 5, 7}.
Note: If A ⊂B ,then A∩B = B
PROPERTIES OF INTERSECTION OF TWO
SETS

A ∩ B = B ∩ A (Commutative law).
( A ∩ B ) ∩ C = A ∩ ( B ∩ C ) (Associative law).
∅ ∩ A = ∅ , U ∩ A = A (Law of ∅ and
U). A ∩ A = A (Idempotent law)
A∩( B ∪C) = ( A ∩ B ) ∪( A ∩ C )
(Distributive law )
 Distribution of Intersection over
Union

B ∪C A∩ (B∪
C)

A∩ A∩ ( A ∩ B ) ∪( A ∩
B C C)
Practical problems on Union & Intersection of
sets
 if A and B are finite sets, then
n ( A ∪B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) – n ( A ∩ B )
 If A ∩ B = φ, then, n ( A ∪B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B )
 If A, B and C are finite sets, then
n(A∪ B∪C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n (A∩B ) – n(B∩C) –
n(A∩C) + n(A∩B∩C)
Example
In a school there are 20 teachers who teach mathematics
or physics. Of these, 12 teach mathematics and 4 teach
both physics and mathematics. How many teach physics ?
Solution:Let M denote the set of teachers who teach
mathematics and P denote the set of teachers who
teach physics. Then,
n(M∪P ) = 20, n(M ) = 12 , n(M∩P ) = 4, n(P)= ?
n ( M ∪P ) = n ( M ) + n ( P ) – n ( M ∩ P ),
we obtain
20 = 12 + n ( P ) – 4 Thus n ( P ) = 12
Hence 12 teachers teach physics.
What have we
learned
 ? are subsets of R.
Intervals
 The power set P(A) of a set A is the collection of all subsets of
A.
 The union of two sets A and B is the set of all those elements
which are either in A or in B.
 The intersection of two sets A and B is the set of all
elements which are common in A and B.
 If A and B are finite sets then n(A∪B) = n(A)+n(B) – n(A∩B)
 If A ∩ B = φ, then n (A ∪B) = n (A) + n (B) .
THANK
YOU!
 1

By Rahul Sir
Practice Sheet (Maths) JEE
Sets
Single Correct Type Questions (1 to 15) 7. R, 1 < x < 1} , B = {x : x R, x 0
1. Which of the following is the empty set or x 2} and A B = R D, then the set D
2 Let A =
(1){x :{xx : 1 < x is (2) {x : 1 x <
(1) {x : x is a real number and x
1 = 0} 2} 2}
2
(3) {x : 1 x (4) {x : 1 < x <
(2) {x : x is a real number and x
8. 2}
If A = {x : x = 4n + 1, n 2}5, n N} and B = {3n :
+ 1 = 0}
2 n 8, n N}, then A (A B) is :
(3) {x : x is a real number and x
9 = 0} (1) {9, 21} (2) {9, 12}
2. The number of subsets of the power2 set of set (3) {6, 12} (4) {6, 21}
(4) {x : x is a real number and x
A = {7,
= x10,
+ 2}11} is
(1) 32 (2) 16 9. A B=A B if :
(3) 64 (4) 256 (1) A (2) A = B
B (4) A B
(3) A B
3. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A = {1, 2,
5}, 10. Let n(U) = 700, n(A) = 200, n(B) = 300 and
n(A B) = 100, then n(A' B') =
B
(1)= {6,
B 7}, then A (2)B A
is
(1) 400 (2) 600
(3) A (4) B (3) 300 (4) 200

4. Sets A and B have 3 and 6 elements respectively. 11. If A = {x : x is a prime number < 25} and B = {x :
What can be the minimum number of elements in x
A B? is
(1)composite
n(A B) number
= 20 < 20}
(2)thenn(A B) = 1
(1) 3 (2) 6 (3) n(A B) = 18 (4) n(A B') = 9
(3) 9 (4) 18
12. If n(A) = 12, n (B) = 15, If x and y are minimum
and maximum of n(A' B) then x + y =
5. Given the sets A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 4}, C = {4, 5,
6}, (1) 12 (2) 15
then A (B C) (3) 18 (4) 27
is (2) {1, 2, 3, 4}
(1) {3} (4) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 13. An investigator interviewed 100 students to determine
(3) {1, 2, 4, 5} their preferences for the three drink : milk (M), coffee
6. If A = {2, 3, 4, 8, 10}, B = {3, 4, 5, 10, (C) and tea (T). He reported the following : 10
12}, C = {4, 5, 6, 12, 14} then (A B) (A students had all the three drinks M, C and T; 20 had
is equal to C) M and C; 30 had C and T; 25 had M and T; 12 had M
(1) {3, 4, 10} only; 5 had C only; and 8 had T only . Find how many
(3) {4, 5, 6} (2) {2, 8, 10} did not take any of the three drinks.
(4) {3, 5, 14} (1) 20 (2) 16
(3) 25 (4) 80
 2

14. Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}. The number of 19. If U = {x : x N, x x : x is an even

pairs {A,B} such A X,B X, A B and A number, 0 < x < 10}, and B = {1,2, 3, 5, 7,9}, what
= {7,8} are B will be the Set (A U B)?
(1) 2186 (2) 2187 (1) {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
(3) 128 (4) 127 (2) {1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9}
(3) U
15. A class has 175 students. The following data shows (4) {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9}
the number of students obtaining one or more
subjects : Mathematics 100, Physics 70, Chemistry 20. There are 200 individuals with a dermatological
40, Mathematics and Physics 30, Mathematics and disorder. 120 were exposed to the chemical C1, 50
Chemistry 28, Physics and Chemistry 23, to chemical C2, and 30 to both the chemicals C1
Mathematics & Physics & Chemistry 18. How many and C2.
students have offered Mathematics alone ? (1) Number of individuals exposed to Chemical C1
(1) 35 (2) 48 but not chemical C2 are 90
(3) 60 (4) 22 (2) Number of individuals exposed to Chemical C1
but not chemical C2 are 20
Passage Type Questions (16 to 18) (3) Number of individuals exposed to Chemical C2
Passage but not chemical C1 are 20
In a certain city of 15000 families, 3.5% of families (4) Number of individuals exposed to Chemical C1
who read A but not B look into advertisements, 25% or chemical C2 are 140
of the families who read B but not A look into
advertisements and 50% of the families, who read Match the Column Type Ques. 21 to 22
both A and B look into advertisements. It is known 21.
that 8000 families read A, 4000 read B and 1000 Column-I Column-II
read both A and B. (A) A set contains 8 elements. The (P) 4
number of subsets
16. The number of families who look into of A is equal to
advertisements
(1) 1295 (2) 1395 (B) Let U = {x x (Q) 6
(3) 1495 (4) 1500 the universal set, N
being the
17. The number of families who read none of
the set
newspaper
(1) 3000 (2) 4000
of natural numbers.
(3) 6000 (4) No family
If
A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and
18. The number of families who read atmost one of the
B = {2, 4, 6, 8}.
newspaper
Then what is the
(1) 11000 (2) 12000 cardinality
(3) 13000 (4) 14000
of the
One or More than Type Questions (19 to 20) complement of

(A
B)?

(C) (R) 256

= 2, then the area of
shaded
 3

Integer Type Que. Nos. 23 to 25

23. Cardinality of the correct set notation for A
intersection B union B?

(D) In a group of 500 students, (S) 300

there are

475 students who

can 24. 30 monkeys went to a picnic. 25 monkeys chose to

speak Hindi and irritate cows while 20 chose to irritate buffaloes.
200 How many chose to irritate both buffaloes and
can cows?

(1) A-P; B-Q; C-R;

speakD-S
English. 25. The following data was observed from a study of car
(2) A-R; B-Q; C-S; D-P
complaints received from 180 respondents at
(3) WhatD-S
A-R; B-Q; C-P;
Colonel Verm s car care workshop, viz., engine
(4) A-Q; B-R; C-S; D-P is
the problem, transmission problem or mileage problem.
of those surveyed, there was no one who faced
22. Match the set P innumber
column one with its super set Q in
of exactly two of these problems. There were 90
column II
students who can respondents who faced engine problems, 120 who
Column-I (set P) speak Hindi only ?(set Q)
Column-II faced transmission problems and 150 who faced
(A) [32n 8n 1:n N} (P) {49 (n 1) : n N} mileage problems. How many of them faced all the
three problems?
(B) {23n 1:n N} (Q) {64 (n 1) : n N}
(C) {3 2n
1:n N} (R) {7n : n N}

(D) {23n 7n 1 :n (S) {8n : n N}

N}
(1) A-Q; B-P; C-S; D-R
(2) A-Q, B-R , C- S , D-P
(3) A-S; B-P; C-Q; D-R
(4) A-R; B-S; C-P; D-Q
 4

Answer Key
1. (2) 14. (1)
2. (4) 15. (3)
3. (2) 16. (3)
4. (2) 17. (2)
5. (2) 18. (1)
6. (1) 19. (2,3)
7. (2) 20. (1,3,4)
8. (1) 21. (3)
9. (2) 22. (2)
10. (3) 23. (4)
11. (4) 24. (15)
12. (3) 25. (90)
13. (1)
 5

Hints and Solutions

1. (2) (1)
2
8. x=±1 A = {5, 9, 13, 17, 21} and B = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15,
1=0
2
(i) x
(ii) x + 1 = 0 x=±i x 18, 21, 24}
2
(iii) x 9 = x=±3 A B = {5, 13, 17}
0 2 x 2 = 0, x = 2, A (A B) = {9, 21}
(iv) x
1
2. (4) 9. (2)
P(A) = { , {7}, {10}, {11}, {7, 10}, {7, 11}, {10, Let A B=A B
11}, Now, x A x
{7, 10, 11}} n 8
A B
Number of subsets = 2 = 2 = 256
( A A B)
3. (2)
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10} x A B
A B' = {1,2,5} = ( A B=A B)
A x B
4. (2) Similarly, x B implies x A A=B
Conversly, let A = B
A B=A A=A=A A=A B
A B=A B
n(AB) = n(A) + n(B) n(AB)
minimum value of n(A B) 10. (3)
c c c
=3+6 3=6 n (A B ) = n[({A B) ] = n(U) n
(A B)
[n(A) + n(B)
5. (2) = n(U)
n (A
A = {1, 2, 3} = 700
B = {3, 4} B)] [200 +
C = {4, 5, 6} 11. (4) 300 100] =
= {4} A = {2,3,5,7,11,
300. 13, 17, 19,23}
= {1, 2, 3, 4} B = {4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15,16,18}
n(A B) = 19, B) = 0
6. (1) n(A
A B = {3, 4, 10} n(A B') = 9
A C = {4}
12. (3)
(A B) (A C) = {3,
4, 10} 0 B) min. {n(A),
n(B)}
7. (2) n (A
A = [x : x R, 1 < x < 1] n(A' B) =B)
n(B) 12n (A
0B)
B = [x : x R : x 0 or x
A B = R2] D, where D = [x : x R, 1 x < n3 (An (\A' B) 1 5
2] x = 3, y = 15
 6

13. (1) No. of families who read A but not

n(U) = 100 B = 8000 1000
n(M C T) = 10; n(M C) = 20; = 7000
n(C T) = 30; n(M T) = 25; No. of families who B but not
n(M only ) = 12; n(only C ) = 5; n(only T ) = 8 A = 4000 1000
= 3000
M C U
12 10 5 16. (3)
10 No. of families who look into advertisement
15
20 = 3.5% of 7000 + 25% of 3000 + 50% of 1000
8 = 245 + 750 + 500
T T) = 12 + 10 + 5 + 15 + 10 + 20 + 8 = 1495
n(M C
= 80 17. (2)
n(M C T)' = 100 80 = 20 No of families who read none of the newspaper
14. (1) = 15000 (7000 + 3000 + 1000)
X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} = 4000
So X (A B) has 7 elements
A will has 7, 8 Rest elements can be assigned in 3 18. (1)
No. of families who read atmost one of the
ways, either go to A or B or none so total pairs
newspaper
= 37 1 = 2186
= 7000 + 3000 +1000 = 11000
19. (2,3)
15. (3)

20. (1,3,4)
Let A, B represents exposed to chemical Cl and C2
Respectively.

Number of students offered maths alone = 60 (1)

n (M) = 100 (3)
n(P) = 70 (4)
n (C) = 40
n (M P) = 30 21. (3)
n (M P) = 28
n (P C) = 23 (A) No. of subsets
n (M P C) = (B)
n(U)
18 = 15000 Now
complement
of
so cardinality
(C) Area if shaded region
 7

(D) 24. (15)

Apply
formula.
So number of students who speaks Hindi
only 25. (90)
22. (2) = Engine problem tran. Problem mileage problem
Only E.P. x y z
Put n
Set P Set Q All problems W W W
(A) (p) 90 120 150
(B) (q)
(C) (r)
(D) (s)

23. (4)

Now cardinality