Standard format
requirements, editing of
proofs, oral
presentation
Yoganth s
Standard format requirements
The standard format requirements for a research paper may vary depending
on the discipline and the specific publication or audience. However, there are
some general guidelines that can be followed:
General formatting guidelines
• Use a standard font, such as Times New Roman or Arial, in a legible size
(10- to 12-point).
• Use double spacing throughout the paper.
• Use one-inch margins on all sides.
• Use a running head on every page, if required by the publication or
instructor.
• Number the pages consecutively, starting with the title page.
Standard format requirements
Section structure
A research paper typically includes the following sections:
Title page: The title page should include the title of the paper, the author's
name, and the institution or affiliation.
Abstract: The abstract is a brief summary of the paper, typically 150-250
words long.
Introduction: The introduction provides background information on the
topic of the paper, states the research question or hypothesis, and reviews the
relevant literature.
Standard format requirements
Section structure
Methods: The methods section describes how the study was
conducted, including the participants, materials, and procedures.
Discussion: The discussion section interprets the findings of the
study, discusses the implications of the findings, and identifies limitations of
the study.
Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the main points of the paper and
restates the research question or hypothesis.
References: The references section lists all of the sources that were cited in
the paper.
Standard format requirements
Citation style
Different disciplines use different citation styles. Some common
citation styles include APA, MLA, and Chicago. Be sure to follow the
citation style that is required by the publication or instructor.
Standard format requirements
APA (American Psychological Association)
Book:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. Publisher.
Example: Smith, J. (2023). The psychology of happiness. HarperCollins.
Article:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. Journal name, volume number (issue number), page
numbers.
Example: Jones, M. (2023). The impact of social media on mental health. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 108(1), 1-10.
Website:
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of web page. Website name. Retrieved from URL
Example: Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, November 1). COVID-19.
Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
Standard format requirements
MLA (Modern Language Association)
Book:
Author, First name Last name. Title of Book. Publisher, Publication date.
Example: Smith, John. The Psychology of Happiness. HarperCollins, 2023.
Article:
Author, First name Last name. "Title of Article." Journal Name Volume. Issue (Publication
date): Page numbers.
Example: Jones, Mary. "The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health." Journal of Applied
Psychology 108.1 (2023): 1-10.
Website:
"Title of Web Page." Website Name. Publisher, Publication date. Web. Accessed date.
Example: "COVID-19." Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, 1 November 2023. Web. 2 November 2023.
Standard format requirements
Chicago (author-date)
Book:
Author's last name, First name. Book Title. Publisher, Publication date.
Example: Smith, John. The Psychology of Happiness. HarperCollins, 2023.
Article:
Author's last name, First name. "Article Title." Journal Title Volume, Issue (Publication date):
Page numbers.
Example: Jones, Mary. "The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health." Journal of Applied
Psychology 108, no. 1 (2023): 1-10.
Website:
"Web Page Title." Website Name. Publisher, Publication date. Accessed date.
Example: "COVID-19." Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, November 1, 2023. Accessed November 2, 2023.
Standard format requirements
Formatting of tables and figures
Tables and figures should be placed in the text near the first mention of
the data they present. Tables and figures should be numbered
consecutively and have clear and concise titles.
Editing of proofs
When editing proofs, it is important to be careful and thorough. Proofreading
is the process of checking a written document for errors in grammar, spelling,
punctuation, and formatting. It is important to note that proofreading is not the
same as editing. Editing involves making changes to the content of a
document, such as improving the organization, structure, or clarity of the
writing.
Here are some tips for editing proofs:
Read the document carefully from start to finish. This will help you to identify any
errors that you may have missed on a first read.
Pay attention to detail. Look for errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and
formatting.
Use a spell checker and grammar checker. However, keep in mind that these tools are
not perfect and should not be relied upon exclusively.
Ask someone else to proofread the document. A second pair of eyes can be helpful in
catching errors that you may have missed.
Oral presentation
When giving an oral presentation, it is important to be clear, concise, and
engaging.
Here are some tips:
Prepare your presentation carefully. Practice your delivery and make sure that you
know your material inside and out.
Be enthusiastic and engaging. Speak clearly and confidently, and make eye contact
with your audience.
Use visuals to support your presentation. Visual aids can help to make your
presentation more interesting and informative.
Be prepared to answer questions. Have a few questions prepared in advance that you
can ask your audience. This will help to keep your presentation interactive and
engaging.
Oral presentation
Here are some additional tips for giving an effective oral presentation:
Dress professionally. Your appearance can make a big difference in how your
audience perceives you.
Start and end on time. Respect your audience's time by staying on schedule.
Speak slowly and clearly. Avoid rushing through your presentation.
Use pauses to emphasize key points.
Use gestures and facial expressions to engage your audience.
Be prepared to handle technical difficulties. If something goes wrong with your
presentation, stay calm and try to fix the problem as quickly as possible.
thank you
Happy learning
