PLANNING AND WORK
ORGANIZATION
TOURISM 8M
STRATEGIC PLANNING
Strategic planning is a process of looking into the future
and identifying trends and issues against which to align
organizational priorities of the Department or Office. Within
the Departments and Offices, it means aligning a division,
section, unit or team to a higher-level strategy.
STRATEGIC PLANNING
Strategic planning creates achievable goals through several
factors, such as time management and resource allocation.
Done well, strategic planning improves operations, provides
focus, sets priorities and increases collaboration. It can guide
and shape the future of an organization.
STRATEGIC PLANNING
If a company is new or experiencing significant change,
team members may work together to create or update the
strategic plan. Decision-makers may be managers,
department leaders or team leaders.
NATURE OF THE COMPANY
The nature of business defines the core identity of a
company – what it does, how it operates, and its place in
the market. Getting to grips with this concept provides
valuable insight for entrepreneurs, investors and other
stakeholders when evaluating a business.
NATURE OF THE COMPANY
Put simply, the nature of business refers to the fundamental
characteristics that shape a company’s purpose, offerings and
market approach. It encompasses aspects like:
Legal structure – e.g partnership, private limited company
Products and services – what the business sells or provides
to customers
Target market – the customer segments the business caters to
Business model – how the company generates revenue and
profit
NATURE OF THE COMPANY (EXAMPLE)
So for example, an online retailer has a very different nature
of business compared to a bricks-and-mortar supermarket,
even though both sell groceries. Understanding these traits
helps stakeholders make informed assessments about a
company’s identity and potential value.
MISSION
Your mission statement is your purpose, declared, defining
exactly what your company is doing now. It’s an
embodiment of what you stand for, who you’re doing it for,
and how you’re accomplishing it.
MISSION
The mission statement shouldn’t exist in some arbitrary
Word document or company webpage nobody will ever see.
It’s the wheel of your ship, and without it, you’re floating
aimlessly in the ocean of your business.
AN EXAMPLE OF A MISSION
American Express
“To become essential to our customers by providing
differentiated products and services to help them achieve
their aspirations.”
With a wide range of potential and current customers,
American Express manages to help everyone feel included
in its mission statement. It is offering products and services
for all, no matter what your income level, elite status or
dreams may be.
VISION
If a mission statement is about where you’re presently
going, your vision statement is like looking into a fortune
teller’s crystal ball. It’s a glimpse into your company’s
desired future, even more bold and high-reaching than the
mission statement, highlighting the grand value or change
you hope to drive in the world.
VISION
A well-crafted vision statement is something your teams
can rally around — it invokes the passion, curiosity, and
innovation all great companies are known for.
AN EXAMPLE OF A VISION
Zoom
Zoom has a strong vision statement: “Communications
empowering people to accomplish more.”
The ubiquitous video meeting platform does an excellent
job of sharing how its vision fits squarely into its brand
identity.
Vision statement example from zoom
BUSINESS STRATEGY
Business strategy is the guiding principle and action plan
for your organization. It’s built through a vision and mission,
objectives, and a dedicated decision-making process.
TACTICS
Tactics are the actions taken to support that strategy. Most
businesses deal with five types of strategy and the tactics
used to achieve strategic goals: product, pricing, marketing,
operational and financial strategies.
Reactive - Past Oriented
Reactive planning is an active attempot to turn back the
clock to the past. These people seek to undo the change
that has created the present, and they fear the future, which
they attempt to prevent.
Inactive - Present Oriented
Inactive planning is an attempt to preserve the present,
which is preferable to both the past and the future. While
the present may have problems, it is better than the past.
Preactive - Predict the Future
Preactive planning is an attempt to predict the future and
then to plan for that predicted future. The planning process
will seek to position the organization to take advantage of
the change that is happening around them.
Proactive - Create the Future
Proactive planning involves designing a desired future and
the inventing ways to create that future state. Planners
actively shape the future, rather than just trying to get
ahead of events outside of their control. The predicted
changes of the preactive planner are seen not as absolute
constraints, but as obstacles that can be addressed and
overcome.
MATCH THE PLANNING STYLES
PLANNING STYLE SYNONYM
Reactive Accelerate
Inactive Create
Preactive Prevent
Interactive Unmake
RUSSELL L. ACKOFF
OBJECTIVE
Increase my students´knowledge by 33.3% by the end of each
unit.
ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS
• Production
• Finance
• Human Resources
• Marketing
What is an organizational model?
An organizational model is a chart that lays down clear
information on the job roles, hierarchy, and how the jobs are
interconnected.
PRODUCTION
Production is the method of turning raw materials or inputs
into finished goods or products in a manufacturing process.
In other words, it means the creation of something from
basic inputs.
FINANCE
Finance is a term for matters regarding the
management, creation, and study of money
and investments. It involves the use of credit
and debt, securities, and investment to finance
current projects using future income flows.
Because of this temporal aspect, finance is
closely linked to the time value of money,
interest rates, and other related topics.
HUMAN RESOURCES
Human Resources (HR) focuses on
managing an organization’s most valuable
asset: its employees. HR professionals
ensure employees have the necessary
resources for their tasks and foster a
positive work environment. They handle
various responsibilities, from recruiting and
compliance to benefits and training
MARKETING
Marketing encompasses every part of a plan to turn a
prospective consumer into a happy and satisfied customer.
It includes everything from market research to advertising.
The goal of marketing is to convince a person that your
product is worth investing in, establish brand loyalty and
increase overall sales.
THE 4 P’S
Product. What are you offering? It can be a physical
product, digital item, service, event or experience. Curate
the key features of your product and define what makes it
unique in your market.
Price
What are you charging for your product? Calculate this by
determining your net cost of goods and then adding on an
additional amount to meet your desired profit margin.
Place
Where do you sell your goods? For example, you may have
a brick-and-mortar store or an e-commerce platform. Where
you sell determines where and how you market your
product.
Promotion
How do you get the word out about your products? This is
usually a mix of various marketing strategies, including paid
advertising, content marketing, social media marketing and
more.
With these four principles in mind, you will find it easier to
decide on a solid marketing strategy.
CASE STUDY
A once very successful business is now almost at the brink of
bankruptcy, due to their lack of attention in the planning and
organization department. The owners think that the best way for
them to improve their mishap, is by cutting the employee force,
inorder to recuperate capital and reinvest it into the business. Take
into account that their use of the organizational models are
also very weak. Do you think their decision is a viable one or what
do you suggest and or recommend?
READ THE SITUATIONS AND DETERMINE WHICH
IS THE CORRECT ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL
I have a business and I want to improve some aspects of it.
What do you suggest?
1. My media communication needs alot of work, we don’t
have enough clients. ___________________
ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL
2. We need more qualified workers, also we require better
ways to motivate our employees. ____________________
3. We have alot of raw materials and we have to create
products amd services. ___________________
4. We need to better our flow of cash income and outcome.
____________________
GANTT CHART
A Gantt chart is a project management tool that helps in
planning, scheduling and monitoring a project. Using a
Gantt chart can improve your planning and scheduling,
remote work collaboration, resource allocation and task
delegation.
GANTT CHART
A Gantt chart represents all information visually through a
horizontal bar graph. Project managers and team members
can view the task schedules, dependencies and progress
by just glancing at the chart. Planning for all tasks in
advance and making them visible in one place empowers
teams to deliver on time.
WHAT IS A GANTT CHART?
A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart used to display the
start date and duration of each task that makes up a
project. It is one of the most popular project management
tools, allowing project managers to view the progress of a
project at a glance.
A LITTLE HISTORY
Although the Gantt chart is named after Henry Gantt, an
American engineer and project management consultant, he
was not the first one to devise it. It was devised first by
Karol Adamiecki, a Polish engineer, in the 1890s. He
created it for his steelworks unit but Henry Gantt
customized it for his clients. Today, Gantt charts are used
most popularly for project scheduling and control.
CASE STUDY
You are one of the key members of the strategic planning
team in the company “Hilton Hotels”, however, you and
the other workers have been noticing that some of the
primordial activities and objectives are not being completed
in the initial established period, which is holding up
operations all over the enterprise. Analyze the plans that
have been set in motion and develop a new Gantt Graph,
making the complete function of the hotel much more
efficient.
WHAT IS THE ANSOFF MATRIX?
The Ansoff Matrix, often called the Product/Market
Expansion Grid, is a two-by-two framework used by
management teams and the analyst community to help plan
and evaluate growth initiatives. In particular, the tool helps
stakeholders conceptualize the level of risk associated with
different growth strategies.
