Dr.
Jameela El-
Medany
1
OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lecture the student should be
able to:
Describe the anatomy of the parotid gland:
position, shape, structures within it ,innervation and
parotid duct.
Describe the anatomy of the submandibular and
sublingual salivary glands: location, shape, parts,
ducts and innervation of the glands.
2
Salivary glands are
exocrine glands, that
produce saliva.
There are 3 large named
pairs of salivary glands and
multiple minute unnamed
glands in the submucosa of
the oral cavity(lips, palate
& under surface of the
tongue).
Parotid produces a
serous, watery secretion.
Submandibular
produces a mixed serous
& mucous secretion.
Sublingual secretes
saliva that is predominantly
mucous in character. ndibular
• Largest salivary
gland.
• Formed entirely of
serous acini.
• Position:
• Wedged between
mandibular ramus
& masseter
anteriorly,
• Mastoid process &
sternomastoid
muscle posteriorly
4
SHAPE
• Triangular:
• Apex behind angle of the
mandible
• Base directed upward
just below the zygomatic
arch & in front of,
external auditory meatus
&TMJ.
Accessory part:
A small part that is
separated from the main
gland.
5
Capsule:
Tight, derived from
deep cervical fascia of
the neck.
neck
The gland is divided
into superficial &
deep parts, by the
Facial nerve fibers.
6
Parotid Duct ItItopens
opensinto
intothe
the
vestibule
vestibuleofofthe
the
mouth
mouthon onaasmall
small
papilla
papilla,,opposite
opposite
the
theupper
upper
second
secondmolar
molar
(maxillary)
(maxillary)tooth.
tooth.
7
What are the Structures within the Parotid
gland?
From superficial to deep
1- Facial nerve:
It is the most superficial
structure, it divides the
gland into superficial &
deep parts.
2- Retromandibular vein:
intermediate in position
Formed by the union of
maxillary & superficial
temporal veins.
Before it leaves the gland it is
divided into anterior &
posterior branches.
3- External carotid artery:
Most deep,
It is divided into
maxillary and superficial
temporal arteries. 8
FACIAL NERVE
• Gives:
• TWO Branches before
it enters the gland
• FIVE Branches within
the parotid:
• 1- Temporal
• 2- Zygomatic
• 3- Buccal
• 4- Mandibular
• 5- Cervical.
• Nerve Supply:
Parasympathetic from
inferior salivary nucleus –
tympanic nerve- through
the glossopharyngeal
nerve to tympanic plexus-
lesser petrosal to otic
ganglion-
• The postganglionic fibers
running in
auriculotemporal nerve.
• Sympathetic: from plexus
around external carotid
artery.
Blood supply
Arterial: ECA & its
branches.
Venous drainage:
retromandibular
vein.
Lymphatic: parotid
& deep cervical
lymph nodes.
11
SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND
Located deep to the
body of the mandible
PARTS
• Formed of 2
parts:
• Large
superficial
part
• Small deep
part
SUBMANDIBULAR DUCT • The duct emerges
from the deep
part of the gland.
• It passes forward
along the side of
the tongue, under
the mucous
membrane of the
floor of the mouth.
• It is crossed
laterally by the
lingual nerve
• It opens on the
summit of a small
sublingual papilla,
which lies at the
side of the
frenulum of the
tongue.
14
SUBMANDIBULAR DUCT
• Clinically, it is important to remember that the submandibular duct can be
palpated through the floor of the mouth alongside the tongue.
• Saliva can usually be seen emerging from the orifice of the duct.
15
CALCULUS FORMATION
• The submandibular duct is a
common site of calculus
formation.
• The presence of a tense
swelling below the body of
the mandible, which is
greatest before or during a
meal and is reduced in size
or absent between meals, is
diagnostic of the condition.
• Examination of the floor of
the mouth will reveal absence
of ejection of saliva from the
orifice of the duct of the
affected gland.
• Frequently, the stone can be
palpated in the duct, which
lies below the mucous
membrane of the floor of the
mouth.
SUBLINGUAL LOCATION
GLAND
• The smallest of the three salivary glands.
• It lies below the mucous membrane of the floor of mouth, close
to the midline.
17
Sublingual ducts
• The sublingual ducts are 8 to 20 in number.
• Most open into the summit of the sublingual fold, but a few may open into
the submandibular duct.
18
Blood Supply
Arterial supply:
Facial artery.
Venous drainage:
Facial vein.
Lymph drainage:
Submandibular
lymph nodes.
19
NERVE SUPPLY
• Parasympathetic
secretomotor supply
is from superior
salivary nucleus of
the facial (7th) nerve.
The fibers pass to
the
submandibular
ganglion via the
chorda tympani
nerve and the
lingual nerve.
– Postganglionic
parasympathetic
fibers reach the
submandibular &
sublingual glands
either directly or
along the duct.
