Grade 7- Quarter 1: The Science of

Material

Scientific Models
 Learning Competency
The learners …
recognize that scientists use models to
explain phenomena that cannot be easily
seen or detected.
describe the Particle Model of Matter as “ All
matter is made up of tiny particles with each
pure substance having its own kind of
particles.
 Objectives
1. Define what is scientific model.
2. Identify the different models used by
scientists.
3. Appreciate/value the importance of
using models in Science.
4. Explain the particle model of matter
 Activity 1: SCIENCE or NOT
SCIENCE
Learners will complete a T-chart activity by classifying the given
terms as either SCIENCE or NOT SCIENCE.
Experimental Fair Testing Predicting
Superstitious Teamwork Explaining phenomena
Unchanging Logical Kept as a secret knowledge
Hands-on Measurable
Evidenced-based Evolving
Problem-solving Based on opinion
Ignoring evidence Jumping to a conclusion
Open-minded Always the same answer
 T- Chart
SCIENCE NOT SCIENCE
Activity 2: what!
The learners will guess the given picture
puzzles. After providing the correct
term/word, they will answer the guide
questions provided.
Puzzle 1
Puzzle 2
Puzzle 3
Guide Questions
1.What do these pictures have in common?
2.What do we use them for?
3.Which one do we use if we want to find out
where a country is?
4. Which one do we use if we want to learn more
about the structure of the earth?
Question: Based on the activities provided, what
do you this will be our lesson be for today or this
week?
Activity 3: Mysteries of the
World
Read the provided article quietly within five
minutes. In your science notebook, identify
the unfamiliar words and list the important
terms mentioned in the article.
Using Models to Unlock the Mysteries of the
World

Ever built a model airplane or a volcano out

of baking soda? Those are actually miniature
versions of real things, and scientists use
them too! But these models aren't just for
fun (although they can be!), they're like
special tools that help us understand the
world around us.
Imagine you want to study the solar system,
but blasting off into space can be a bit tricky.
So, scientists build models of the planets
and stars, sometimes using computers or
even just by putting balls on strings! These
models help them visualize how the planets
move and interact with each other.
Models can also be used for things we can't see
with our naked eyes, like atoms (the super tiny
building blocks of everything!) Scientists create
pictures or simulations of atoms to understand
how they work together to form different
materials.
 Here's the coolest part: models can even help
us predict the future! By studying weather
patterns in a model, scientists can make educated
guesses about upcoming storms or sunny days.
The next time you build a model rocket or a
dinosaur out of clay, remember you're using a
scientific superpower! Models might be miniature,
but they can unlock giant mysteries about the
amazing world we live in!​
 Unfamiliar Terms
1. Miniature- (especially of a replica of something)
of a much smaller size than normal; very small.
2. Blasting off - take off or be launched, especially
into space
3. Tricky - (of a task, problem, or situation)
requiring care and skill because difficult or
awkward.
4. Simulations-imitation of a situation or process.
Scientific Models: Video Lesson
Pre-Watching Processing questions:
1. What is a scientific model?
2. Identify and describe the three ( 3 ) types of
scientific models mentioned in the video.
3. Construct a Venn diagram showing the
advantages and disadvantages (limitations) of
using scientific models.
Scientific Models
Activity 4: Complete Me
The class will be divided into five groups and
given 10 minutes to complete an organizer
about Scientific Models. Afterward, each
group will present the results of their
activity.
Scientific Models are representations of objects,
systems, or events and are used as tools for
understanding the natural world. Models use
familiar objects to represent unfamiliar things.
 a simple representation of a system or ideas,
events or processes.
 Three Types of Scientific Model
1. Physical – a smaller or larger and simpler
representations of the things being studied

reconstructed skeletons
3D examples of molecules of dinosaurs
 2. Mathematical- sets of equations that
consider many factors to represent a
phenomenon
 usually done on computers

motion graph of a toy car weather forecasts

3. Conceptual- tie together many ideas to
explain a phenomenon or event.

water cycle
digestion process model
 Why do scientists use models?
1.Since science must be communicated, models
help represent complex concepts.
2. Since science is evidence-based, models make
predictions and test hypotheses.
3. Since science explains phenomena, models
help visualize complex concepts, systems, and
processes.
 What models can represent?
Models can represent…… Example
Objects that are too small to Model of an atom or a cell
see
Objects that are too big to see Model of the planets
Objects that no longer exist Model of dinosaur
Objects that have not yet been Prototype models such as a
invented model of a robot
Events that occur too slowly to Model of mountain formation
see
Events that occur too fast to Model to predict an
see earthquake
 Benefits ( Advantages)
1. helps us understand things we cannot normally
see
 too big like the solar system
 too small like the cell
2. helps us notice pattern
3. give us an understanding of phenomena
 Limitations ( Disadvantages)
1.things that made the model are not
accurate
2.no model can possibly explain every detail
of scientific phenomena
3. sometimes oversimplified ( like
photosynthesis)
1.Details—Models cannot include all the details of the objects
that they represent. For example, maps cannot include all the
details of the features of the earth such as mountains, valleys,
etc.
2. Approximations—Most models include some approximations
as a convenient way to describe something that happens in
nature. These approximations are not exact, so predictions
based on them tend to be a little bit different from what you
actually observe.
3. Accuracy—In order to make models simplistic enough to
communicate ideas some accuracy is lost. For example, ball
and stick models of atoms do not show all the details that
scientists know about the structure of the atom.
 Test Your Understanding
Identify the most suitable type of model to be used in
the given situation:
1.Your classmate would like to show how the blood flows
through the organ.
2.You have been tasked to design a bridge that can withstand
a certain weight.
3. During the pandemic, scientists would like to describe how
COVID-19 spreads by taking into account the infection rates,
recovery times, and population movement.
Direction: For each of the following scenarios, describe the
model that might be suitable and briefly explain why:
1.A rocket scientist is designing a rocket launch. What model
can he use to calculate the trajectory of the rocket, the
amount of fuel needed, and the forces acting on a rocket?
2.Your teacher wants you to describe the water cycle in class.
Which type of model can you use to explain this?
3. Suppose you want to help your friend figure out which of
his running shoes helps him run the fastest. What model will
help you?
Activity 4: Find Me
PART A:
Direction: Match the given atom model with its correct
name. Use the given description as clue/s. Write only the
letter of the correct answer.
Name of Model
1. Dalton’s atomic model ( sphere with a mass)
2. Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model ( raisin - bread model)
3. Rutherford Nuclear Model ( has a massive central
nucleus)
4. Bohr’s Planetary Model
 Atomic Model

A. C.

B. D.
PART B :
Direction: Match the given terms in Column A with its
corresponding model in Column B. Write only the letter of
the correct answer.
Column A Column B
1. Oxygen A. B.
2. Notebook
3. Vinegar
C.
Processing questions
1. Which of the given models corresponds to
solid, liquid, and gas? Why did you say so?
2. In what ways are the models similar?
Different?
3. What do you think these models represent?
Why do you think so?
•
Key Concepts
• The particle model of matter is a theory that
explains how the particles that make up a
substance are arranged, and how they move and
interact with each other.
State Solid Liquid Gas
2D Diagram

Description of
Regular Randomly Randomly
Particle
arrangement arranged arranged
arrangement

Relative Energy
Low energy Higher energy Highest energy
of Particles

Moving with
Movement of Vibrating in a Moving around
speed in any
Particles fixed position each other
direction

Distance
Between Very close Close Far apart
 Elements vs Compounds
Elements are pure substances which are
composed of only one type of atom.
Examples: oxygen, hydrogen, calcium,nitrogen
Compound are substances which are formed by
two or more different types of elements that are
united chemically in fixed proportions.
Examples: sugar, table salt, water, baking soda
Compound Element
Activity 5: Think about It!
Read the following situations carefully and with a
partner describe what happens in the given
situations using the particle model of matter. You
may use illustrations to help your explanations:
1. Your friend sprays some perfume, and you can
smell it from across the room.
2. Liquids can flow while solids can’t .
Activity 6 : Particle Cards
Situation: Imagine you and your friends discovered an
ancient text that attempted to group objects based on
what they could be made up of. The text presents these
“Particle Cards”, but the problem is that the cards are not
arranged in any manner. Your task as a group is to help
sort these cards.
Each group is given a pack of “Particle Cards.” The
groups will be asked to sort the cards into two heaps:
ELEMENTS and COMPOUNDS
Sample Particle Cards:
Processing questions
1. What do the circles represent?
2. Using the particle model of matter, explain the
difference between elements and compounds.
3. Collectively, elements and compounds are known
as pure substances. Using the particle model,
describe what pure substances are.
4. Suppose you mix two pure substances together,
how will this “mixture” look like in a particle card?
 Self – Check:
3..2..1..
3 things that they understand about the scientific model

2 things that they find interesting about the particle model of

matter

1 question they still have about the particle model of matter and
how it explains what makes up matter