The Nine Types
of Intelligence
By Arshiya Jha
Class 6
Topics covered
>What is intelligence
>All about Professor Howard’s theory
>Types of intelligence
>Explanation of types of Intelligence
>An overview of AI
>Types Of AI
>Thanking Note
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
Intelligence is defined as the ability to learn, understand, and adapt
to new situations. It encompasses various mental capacities,
including problem-solving, critical thinking, reasoning, and the ability
to handle abstract concepts.
In psychology, intelligence is often described as the mental capacity
to learn from experiences and apply knowledge to manipulate one's
environment.
PROFFESOR HOWARD- How Multiple
Intelligences Theory Came Into Place
Howard Gardner first proposed the theory of multiple intelligences in his 1983
book “Frames of Mind”, where he broadens the definition of intelligence and
outlines several distinct types of intellectual competencies.
Gardner developed a series of eight inclusion criteria while evaluating each
“candidate” intelligence that was based on a variety of scientific disciplines.
He writes that we may all have these intelligences, but our profile of these
intelligences may differ individually based on genetics or experience.
Gardner defines intelligence as a “biopsychological potential to process
information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or
create products that are of value in a culture” (Gardner, 2000, p.28).
Types Of Intelligence
According To the Harvard psychologist Howard Gardener’s theories,
humans do not just have an intellectual capacity but also have many
kinds of intelligence. A person can be strong in a specific area, such
as logical intelligence or musical intelligence but simultaneously can
also possess a range of abilities.
According to him, there are 9 types of intelligence.
Visual-Spatial Intelligence
Visual-Spatial intelligence is the ability to visualize things easily.
These people possess the following qualities:
Visualize things easily
Good at putting puzzles together
Love drawing and painting
Recognise patterns easily
Love reading and writing
Verbal-linguistic intelligence
Verbal-linguistic intelligence refers to the ability to speak fluently, to
be good at using words. These people possess the following
qualities:
Good at using words
Can remember written and spoken information
Love reading and writing
Good debaters
Explain things well
Use humour while telling stories
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Logical-Mathematical intelligence refers to problem-solving skills,
how logical we are and how good we can solve mathematical
problems. These people possess the following qualities:
Good at problem-solving
Love conducting scientific experiments
Love thinking about abstract ideas
Solve complex computations easily
Good at reasoning and recognising patterns
Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence refers to the ability to be flexible,
good at sports, dance and having excellent hand-eye coordination.
These people possess the following qualities:
•Good at dancing and sports
•Love creating things with their hands
•Tend to remember by doing, rather than hearing and seeing
•Excellent hand-eye and physical coordination
•Flexible in different body movements and performing actions
Musical Intelligence
Musical intelligence refers to the ability of recognising musical
patterns easily, to understand music really well. These people
possess the following qualities:
Love singing and playing musical instruments
Good at thinking in patterns, rhythms and sounds
Recognise musical patterns and tones easily
Good understanding of musical rhythm
Interpersonal intelligence
Interpersonal intelligence refers to being empathetic and having the
ability to communicate and understand others. These people
possess the following qualities:
Good at communicating ideas and thoughts
Good at non-verbal communication
Have a different perspective on everything
Good at resolving conflict in groups
Good at maintaining positive relationships with others.
Existential intelligence
Existential intelligence refers to the ability of seeing things from a
different point of view, and have a deep and comprehensive
understanding about every single thing in the Universe. These
people possess the following qualities:
Look at things from a different point of view
Make connections between what is being learned and the world
outside
Have a deep and comprehensive understanding not just of the
universe, but of the self.
Intrapersonal intelligence
Intrapersonal intelligence is the ability to recognize and understand
your thoughts, feelings, and motivation. These people possess the
following qualities:
•Can recognize their own strengths and weaknesses
•Aware of their own emotional state and feelings and know how they
can motivate themselves
•Enjoy analyzing theories and ideas.
Naturalistic intelligence
Naturalistic intelligence refers to the love of nature. These people
possess the following qualities:
Nature lover
Love exploring the environment and learning about other species
Enjoy camping, gardening, hiking and exploring outdoors
AI approach
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the development of computer
systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These tasks include reasoning, learning, problem-solving, perception, and
language understandingThe aim of AI is to simulate the human attributes of
logical intelligence, reasoning and knowledge acquirement in machines.
We have been expirencing how this works in the form of virtual assistants
such as Siri, Alexa, and Google.
There are 2 types of AI approach:
1.Rule-based approach
2.Learning-based approach
Rule-based approach
Rule Based Approach: It refers to the AI modelling where the
relationship or patterns in data are defined by the developer. The
machine follows the rules or instructions mentioned by the developer,
and performs its task accordingly. For example: suppose you have a
dataset comprising of 100 images of apples and 100 images of
bananas. To train your machine, you feed this data into the machine
and label each image as either apple or banana. Now if you test the
machine with the image of an apple, it will compare the image with
the trained data and according to the labels of trained images, it will
identify the test image as an apple. This is known as Rule based
approach. The rules given to the machine in this example are the
labels given to the machine for each image in the training dataset.
Learning-based approach
Learning Based Approach: In this approach, the machine learns by
itself. It refers to the AI modelling where the relationship or patterns in
data are not defined by the developer. In this approach, random data
is fed to the machine and it is left on the machine to figure out
patterns and trends out of it. Generally, this approach is followed
when the data is un labelled and too random for a human to make
sense out of it.
For example: We have a dataset of 1000 images of random stray
dogs of your area. You would put this into a learning approach-based
AI machine and the machine would come up with various patterns it
has observed in the features of these 1000 images which we might
not have even thought of!
Short overview on types of AI
•Reactive machines: These are the most basic type of AI that can
react to specific situations and inputs.
•Limited memory machines: These AI systems can use past
experiences to make current decisions.
•Theory of mind machines: These machines represent an early form
of artificial general intelligence and possess a “theory of mind”.
•Self-aware machines: These machines are currently being
developed and are capable of understanding their own existence
and emotions.
