0 Surgical Instruments
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Bessie Waswa0 Surgical Instruments
Uploaded by
Bessie WaswaBASIC SURGICAL
INSTRUMENTS AND
TROLLEYS
.
INTRODUCTION
• Instruments are tools used for performing tasks.
• Surgical instruments belong to several functional
groups.
BASIC GENERAL INSTRUMENTS
• Selection of quality General instruments
• Majority of surgical instruments are made from
alloys of stainless steel because of the
superiority of this metal
• Stainless steel containing 12 to 14% of chromium
and about 0.2% of carbon is generally considered
most satisfactory for surgical instruments.
BASIC GENERAL INSTRUMENTS
• If a percentage of carbon is too low, the steel will
become soft and if the percentage of carbon is
high if forms steel, which is hard to forge and it
will become too brittle.
• Hence the carbon content is vital importance.
•
BASIC GENERAL INSTRUMENTS ARE
GROUPED AS:
• Cutting Instruments- scalpel, scissors,
• Holding instruments- dissecting forceps,
sponge holding forceps, towel clips, tissue
forceps.
• Clamping instruments- artery forceps,
clamps
• Exposing instruments- retractors, .
• Suturing instruments.- needle holders
CARE, HANDLING AND QUALIFICATION OF
GENERAL INSTRUMENTS
Alignment - examine instruments for proper
alignment such as
• Observing the jaws- For example a pair of
forceps that is equally thick and the curved jaws
is bent to a smooth even curve
•
CARE, HANDLING AND QUALIFICATION OF
GENERAL INSTRUMENTS
• Serrations –
• Examine the serrations that they mesh properly
and that they are beveled at the edges of the
jaws
• and that the jaws close evenly, starting at the joint
and being fully closed when the last ratchet has
been reached.
CARE, HANDLING AND
QUALIFICATION OF GENERAL
INSTRUMENTS
• Ratchet- The ratchet should glide smoothly
over each other, hold firmly, and open
easily
CARE, HANDLING AND QUALIFICATION OF
GENERAL INSTRUMENTS
• Teeth of forceps –
• It is important to note that teeth of all kinds
of forceps are even, of proper shape and
are sharp and mesh properly.
• There should be no sharp points or edges,
which may scratch or tear gloves.
CARE, HANDLING AND QUALIFICATION OF
GENERAL INSTRUMENTS
• Joints of instruments -The joints of instruments
should be checked.
• Instruments may have two types of joints:
• Screw joints- The joint is checked and tightened
periodically, as the screw may become loose.
• Box – joint instrument in this type one arm
passes through a slot in the other arm
CARE, HANDLING AND QUALIFICATION OF
GENERAL INSTRUMENTS
• Apposition -The appositions of instruments,
such as clamp tips are necessary for its smooth
functioning and should be periodically checked.
• Scissors -Scissors should close smoothly and
cut at all points along the entire edge.
CARE, HANDLING AND QUALIFICATION OF
GENERAL INSTRUMENTS
• Corrosion of instruments- Investigations have
revealed that damage of instruments occur due to
• Defective instruments
• Incorrect handling
• Use of incompatible detergents or combination
of all these factors.
CARE, HANDLING AND QUALIFICATION OF
GENERAL INSTRUMENTS
• A passive surface is formed by a thin self healing
inert and impervious oxide film.
• Stainless steel containing 12% chromium
develops passivity.
• Oiling of surgical instruments should not be
practiced.
• oil will act as a protective cover for any
antimicroorganism below the oil during
sterilization.
GUIDELINES FOR USE OF RETRACTING
INSTRUMENTS
• Undue force is avoided during retraction, to avoid
trauma to the tissues.
• Superficial retractors require some alternation of
position during the initial dissection
GUIDELINES FOR USE OF RETRACTING
INSTRUMENTS
• Deep retractors are placed carefully to avoid
trauma to tissues
• The surgeon will decide the degree of retraction
possible and this should not be exceeded
• A retractor is to be held and not pulled
TROLLEYS
• There are several types of trolleys used in the surgical
setting.
• The care of trolleys include the following;
• They should be made of stainless steel material
• Trolleys should be cleaned with disinfectant, soap and
water after use.
• Lastly clean with spirit and left to dry
• The wheels should be swivel free from trappings and
should be oiled occasionally
Surgical/ ligature trolley
Double basin stand
Operating table
Wheels of trolleys
Mayo trolley
Mayo trolley
