191CEO703T - E WASTE MANAGEMENT

UNIT 1
SOURCES, CLASSIFICATION AND REGULATORY
FRAMEWORK

Sources wastes - Need for management – Types - Salient features of Indian legislations on
management and handling of e- waste – Financing waste management
 What is E-Waste

“Electronic waste or e-waste, refers to all items of electrical and electronic

equipment(EEE) and its parts that have been discarded by its owner as waste
without the intent of re-use”
The definition of e-waste varies from Countries to Countries
In India, under the E-waste (Management) Rules of 2022—issued by the
Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)— E-Waste means electrical and
electronic equipment, including solar photo-voltaic modules or panels or
cells, whole or in part discarded as waste, as well as rejects from
manufacturing, refurbishment and repair processes.
 What is E-Waste

• According to Sinha-Khetriwal, “E-waste can be defined as any electrical

powered appliance that has reached its end-of-life”

• Robinson 2009 defines E-Waste as “any device connected to a power

source that no longer satisfies the current owner to the purpose for which it

was created”, such as computer, television, cell phones, refrigerator and

ovens”
 Classification of E- Waste
(As per E- Waste Management rule 2022)

1.IT and Telecommunication Equipment:

• Centralized data processing: Mainframes, minicomputers
• Personal computing: Personal computers (CPU, mouse, screen, keyboard), laptops,
notebooks, notepads
• Printers including cartridges
• Copying equipment
• Electrical and electronic typewriters
• User terminals and systems
• Facsimile machines
• Telex machines
• Telephones (including cordless and mobile)
• Pay telephones
• Answering systems etc.,
2.Consumer Electrical and Electronics and Photovoltaic Panels:
• Television sets (including LCD and LED)
• Refrigerators
• Washing machines
• Air conditioners (excluding centralized air conditioning plants)
• Fluorescent and other mercury-containing lamps
• Radio sets
• Set top boxes
• Musical instruments
• Amplifiers
 Classification of E- Waste
3.Large and Small Electrical and Electronic Equipment:
• Large cooling appliances
• Freezers
• Other large appliances used for refrigeration, conservation, and storage of food
• Clothes dryers
• Dish washing machines
• Vacuum cleaners
• Carpet sweepers
• Appliances used for sewing, knitting, weaving
• Toasters
• Fryers
4. Electrical and Electronic Tools:
• Drills
• Saws
• Sewing machines
• Tools for welding, soldering or similar use
• Equipment for spraying, spreading, dispersing or other treatment of liquid or gaseous
substances by other means
• Equipment for turning, milling, sanding, grinding, sawing, cutting, shearing, drilling,
making holes, punching, folding, bending or similar processing of wood, metal and other
materials
 Classification of E- Waste
5.Toys, Leisure and Sports Equipment:
•Electric trains or car racing sets
•Hand-held video game consoles
•Video games
•Computers for biking, diving, running, rowing, etc.
•Sports equipment with electric or electronic components
•Coin slot machines
6.Medical Devices
•Radiotherapy equipment
•Cardiology equipment
•Dialysis equipment
•Pulmonary ventilators
•Nuclear medicine equipment
7.Laboratory Instruments
•Gas analyser
•Equipment having electrical and electronic components
Classification of E- Waste
 Classification of E- Waste

 Large household Appliances

Refrigerators, Freezers, Air Conditioners, washing machines etc,

 Small household Appliances

Vacuum cleaners , Grinders, fan, Irons etc.,

 Small IT and Telecommunication Equipments

Mobiles, routers, Telephones etc.,

 Screens and Monitors

Television, Monitors, laptops, notebooks and tablets

 Classification of E- Waste

 Lamps

fluorescent lamps, LED lamps etc.,

 Medical Devices

Radiotherapy, Cardiology, Neurology, Dialysis equipments , ECG devices,

thermometer etc.,
 Monitoring and Controlling Equipments

Smoke Detector, Thermostats, ATM etc.,

 Toys and Sports Equipments

Video games, Electric trains or car racing sets, Toy computers and
mobiles etc.,
 Classification of E- Waste

 Consumer Electronics

video and audio equipment, musical instruments etc.,

 Electrical and Electronic tools

Drills, Saws, Sewing Machines etc.,

E-WASTE SOURCES AND GENERATION
SOURCES OF E WASTE
GLOBAL E-WASTE GENERATION
 GLOBAL E-WASTE GENERATION

• It is estimated that 57.4 Mt (Million Metric Tonnes) of e-waste

was generated globally in 2021.
• There has been an increase year on year since e-waste data
started being collected in 2014.
• On average, the global e-waste generation has increased by 2 Mt
annually over the last decade.
• Global electronic waste volume is projected to grow to 74.7 Mt
by 2030 – meaning it will have almost doubled in only 16 years.
GLOBAL REGIONAL E-WASTE GENERATION
 GLOBAL REGIONAL E-WASTE GENERATION

 Asia (24.9 Mt), the Americas (13.1 Mt) and Europe (12Mt)
produced the overwhelming majority of E-Waste when
measured by total weight.
 When measured per capita, Europeans (16.2 Kg) produce the
most e-waste per person, followed by Oceania (16.1 Kg) and
the Americas (13.3 Kg).
 African residents produce the least amount of e-waste per
capita.
TOP E-WASTE PRODUCING COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD
GLOBAL E-WASTE BREKUP
 GLOBAL E-WASTE BREKUP-2019
The 53.6 Mt is comprised of the following items:
• 17.4 Mt of Small Equipment - including microwaves, vacuum cleaners,
fans, kettles, toasters, shavers, hairdryers, radios, tools and toys
• 13.1 Mt of Large Equipment - including washing machines, tumble
dryers, cookers, stoves and dishwashers
• 10.8 Mt of Temperature Exchange Equipment - including
refrigerators, freezers, air conditioners, and heat pumps
• 6.7 Mt of Screens and Monitors - including televisions, monitors,
laptops, notebooks, and tablets
• 4.7 Mt of Small IT & Telecoms Equipment - including cell phones,
phone cases, wireless routers, GPS and pocket calculators
• 0.9 Mt of lamps, bulbs and LEDs
GLOBAL E-WASTE RECYCLING RATE
 GLOBAL E-WASTE RECYCLING

• There is no official figure for the total amount of non recycled

e-waste currently on Earth.
• Only 17.4% of total global e-waste is known to have been
collected and properly recycled.
• Europe has by far the highest collection and recycling rate at
42.5%. Asia, in second place, had a rate of just 11.7%. Africa
has the lowest at just 0.9%.
GLOBAL E-WASTE NON RECYCLING DATA
 GLOBAL E-WASTE NON RECYCLING

Based on data we can estimate that at least 347 Mt of e-waste remains.

This is likely to be a conservative estimate for the following reasons:

• A significant amount of e-waste will have been produced (and not
recycled) before 2014.
• Not all e-waste produced is documented.

• Recycling rates have varied over the years and may have been lower
initially before global awareness of the issue was raised, and more
countries introduced legislation to enable proper recycling.
TOP E-WASTE RECYCLING COUNTRY
 TOP E-WASTE RECYCLING COUNTRY

• The top 10 e-waste recycling countries are ranked by the

percentage of their waste that is formally collected for proper
recycling, while the total amount recycled (in KiloTons) is
also shown for reference.
• Estonia, Norway, and Iceland have the best electronic waste
recycling rates in terms of the percentage of waste that each
country produces, according to the latest available data
 E-WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA

• According to the Global E-waste Monitor, 2020, India generated 3.2

million metric tonnes (mMT) of e-waste in 2019
PROJECTED E-WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA
STATE WISE E-WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA
 E-WASTE GENERATION IN INDIA
 There are 10 states that contribute to 70% of the total E-Waste generated in
the country.
 65 cities generate more than 60% of the total E-Waste in India.
 Among the top ten cities generating E-Waste, Mumbai ranks first followed
by Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Pune,
Surat & Nagpur.
 Main source of electronic waste in India are the government, public and
private (Industrial) sectors – 70%
 Contribution of individual house hold – 15%
 Rest being contributed by manufacturers.
E-WASTE BREKUP - INDIA
AUTHORIZED RECYCLERS IN INDIA
 Need of E Waste Management

1. Environmental Protection:
 Prevents toxic materials from contaminating soil, water, and air
 Reduces the need for raw material extraction, preserving natural
resources
 Minimizes the environmental impact of electronics production and
disposal
2. Health and Safety:
 Protects workers and communities from exposure to hazardous
substances
 Prevents health risks associated with informal recycling practices
 - Reduces the release of toxins that can enter the food chain
 Need of E Waste Management
3. Resource Recovery:
 Allows for reclamation of valuable materials like gold, silver, and rare
earth elements
 Promotes a circular economy by reusing materials - Reduces
dependency on mining for new raw materials
4. Energy Conservation:
 Recycling often requires less energy than extracting and processing new
materials
 Refurbishing and reusing electronics saves energy needed for new device
manufacturing
 Need of E Waste Management
5. Economic Benefits:
 Creates jobs in recycling and refurbishment sectors
 Generates revenue from recovered materials
 Reduces costs associated with raw material extraction
6. Legal Compliance:
 Helps meet increasing regulatory requirements for proper e-
waste disposal
 Avoids penalties associated with improper disposal
7. Data Security:
 Ensures proper destruction of data storage devices
 Protects personal and corporate information from unauthorized access
 Need of E Waste Management
8. Landfill Space Conservation:
 Reduces the volume of waste sent to landfills
 Extends the life of existing landfill facilities
9. Sustainable Development:
 Supports global efforts towards sustainable consumption and
production
 Aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goals
10. Innovation Promotion:
 Encourages development of more sustainable and recyclable
electronic products
 Drives innovation in recycling technologies and processes
HISTORY OF INDIAN E WASTE MANAGEMENT RULE
Legislative progress on e-waste management
 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE E-WASTE (MANAGEMENT) RULES, 2016

1. Manufacturer, dealer, refurbisher and Producer Responsibility Organization

(PRO) have been introduced as additional stakeholders in the rules.
2. The applicability of the rules has been extended to components,
consumables, spares and parts of EEE in addition to equipment as listed in
Schedule I.
3. Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and other mercury containing lamp
brought under the purview of rules.
4. Collection mechanism based approach has been adopted to include
collection centre, collection point, take back system etc for collection of e -
waste by Producers under Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR).
 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE E-WASTE
(MANAGEMENT) RULES, 2016

5. Option has been given for setting up of PRO , e - waste exchange , e - retailer, Deposit
Refund Scheme as additional channel for implementation of EPR by Producers to ensure
efficient channelization of e - waste.
6. Provision for Pan India EPR Authorization by CPCB has been introduced replacing the state
wise EPR authorization.
7. Collection and channelization of e - waste in Extended Producer Responsibility -
Authorization shall be in line with the targets prescribed in Schedule III of the Rules.
The phase wise Collection Target for e - waste, which can be either in number or Weight shall be
• 30% of the quantity of waste generation as indicated in EPR Plan during first two year of
implementation of rules followed by
• 40% during third and fourth years,
• 50% during fifth and sixth years and 70% during seventh year onwards.
 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE E-WASTE
(MANAGEMENT) RULES, 2016

8. Deposit Refund Scheme has been introduced as an additional economic instrument

wherein the producer charges an additional amount as a deposit at the time of sale of
the electrical and electronic equipment and returns it to the consumer along with
interest when the end - of - life electrical and electronic equipment is returned.

9. The e - waste exchange as an option has been provided in the rules as an independent
market instrument offering assistance or independent electronic systems offering
services for sale and purchase of e - waste generated from end - of - life electrical and
electronic equipment between agencies or organizations authorized under these rules.

10. The manufacturer is also now responsible to collect e - waste generated during the
manufacture of any electrical and electronic equipment and channelize it for recycling
or disposal and seek authorization from SPCB.
 SALIENT
The FEATURES OF THE E-WASTE
(MANAGEMENT) RULES, 2016

11. The dealer, if has been given the responsibility of collection on behalf of the producer,
need to collect the e - waste by providing the consumer a box and channelize it to
Producer.

12. Dealer or retailer or e - retailer shall refund the amount as per take back system or De
posit Refund Scheme of the producer to the depositor of e - waste.

13. Refurbisher need collect e - waste generated during the process of refurbishing and
channelize the waste to authorized dismantler or recycler through its collection centre
and seek one time authorization from SPCB.\

14. The roles of the State Government has been also introduced in the Rules in order to
ensure safety, health and skill development of the workers involved in the dismantling
and recycling operations.
 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE E-WASTE
(MANAGEMENT) RULES, 2016

15. Department of Industry in State or any other government agency authorised in this

regard by the State Government is to ensure earmarking or allocation of industrial

space or shed for e - waste dismantling and recycling in the existing and upcoming

industrial park, estate and industrial clusters.

16. Department of Labour in the State or any other government agency authorised in this

regard by the State Government need to ensure recognition and registration of

workers involved in dismantling and recycling; assist formation of groups of such

workers to facilitate setting up dismantling facilities; undertake industrial skill

development activities for the workers involved in dismantling and recycling; and

undertake annual monitoring and to ensure safety & health of workers involved in

dismantling and recycling.

 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE E-WASTE
(MANAGEMENT) RULES, 2016

17. State Government to prepare integrated plan for effective implementation of these provisions,
and to submit annual report to Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

18. The transportation of e - waste shall be carried out as per the manifest system whereby the
transporter shall be required to carry a document (three copies) prepared by the sender, giving
the details.

19. Liability for damages caused to the environment or third party due to improper management of e
- waste including provision for levying financial penalty for violation of provisions of the Rules
has also been introduced.

20. Urban Local Bodies (Municipal Committee/Council/Corporation) has been assign the duty to
collect and channelized the orphan products to authorized dismantler or recycler.
 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE E-WASTE
MANAGEMENT RULE 2022

1. Scope of applicability of 2022 Rules has been restricted to manufacturer, producer,

refurbishers, dismantlers and recycler of e-waste (‘MPRDR’), unlike 2016 Rules
wherein dealer, consumer, bulk consumer and collection centres were also covered.
2. The definition of term ‘e-waste’ has been widened to include solar photo-voltaic
modules or panels or cells, which are discarded as waste.
3. Provision for imposition and collection of environmental compensation charges in
case of violation of any of the provision of these rules
4. 106 EEEs under seven categories have been covered
5. producers of electronic and electrical equipment are required to submit quarterly
and annual returns
 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE E-WASTE
(MANAGEMENT) AMENDMENT RULES, 2022

Quarterly Returns
• Deadline: Producers are required to file their quarterly returns within 30
days after the end of each quarter.
• Contents: The returns should include details on the amount of e-waste
collected, recycled, and disposed of during the quarter. They must also
report on the compliance status with respect to the Extended Producer
Responsibility (EPR) obligations.
Annual Returns
• Deadline: Producers must file their annual returns by June 30th of the
following financial year.
• Contents: The annual returns should provide comprehensive details on the
total quantity of e-waste generated, collected, recycled, and disposed of
during the entire financial year. It should also include a summary of the
efforts made towards achieving EPR targets, including any
Material And Financial Flow Of E Waste In India