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TRN MECH 0006 Mechanical Seal Princible

The document provides a comprehensive overview of mechanical seals, including their design, function, and maintenance requirements. It details the basic parts, types, and operational principles of mechanical seals, along with common failure causes and repair methods. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of proper assembly and lubrication for safe operation.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
33 views31 pages

TRN MECH 0006 Mechanical Seal Princible

The document provides a comprehensive overview of mechanical seals, including their design, function, and maintenance requirements. It details the basic parts, types, and operational principles of mechanical seals, along with common failure causes and repair methods. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of proper assembly and lubrication for safe operation.

Uploaded by

aras ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SULEIMANIYAH GAS POWER STATION

4 x 9FE Combustion Turbines [GE]

1
July 30, 2025
MECHANICAL SEAL PRINCIBLE

2
July 30, 2025
1. INTRODUCTION
A mechanical seal consists of a rotating element and a stationary
element. The sealing faces are highly lapped surfaces on materials selected for
their low coefficient of friction and their resistance to corrosion by the liquid being
pumped.

The faces run with a very thin film of liquid between them. In addition,
there must be a means of loading the seal. This is accomplished either with a
spring (or springs-called as multi spring) or with a flexible member of some
organic material.

Since mechanical seals are made in a wide variety of designs, the


instructions for the specific seal must be carefully studied and followed. A
mechanical seal is a precision device and must be treated accordingly.

Mechanical seals normally require no adjustment during operation.


Except for possible slight initial leakage, the seal should operate with negligible
leakage.

They should not be run dry. Seals may require a continuous supply of
flush and/or cooling liquid. Where seal damage due to system uncleanliness is
expected, it may be advisable to operate the pump with packing or temporary
seals and sleeves until the system is clean and start up problems are resolved. 3
July 30, 2025
2. BASIC PARTS OF MECHANICAL SEAL
The packing or temporary seals are normally used on systems where
the start up pumpage is different from the final process pumpage and are
replaced once the process pumpage is introduced.
All mechanical seal designs are limited in application, variables of speed,type of
fluid,fluid viscosity,differential pressure and temperature.
Depending on the severity of the application ,mechanical seals are subject to wear
with time in operation and subsequent leakage.They may require repair or
replacement periodically.

6 5 2 1 3 4
 Rotating Seal face (1)
 Stationary Seal face (3)
 Secondary sealing elements (2+4)
 Spring element (5)
 Torque transmission (6)
A) Features of Seal faces
 Solid, homogeny materials
 Surface roughness (polished , lapped)
 Hardness
 Face width
 Good heat dissipation
B) Types of Seal faces

Solid Seal Inserted Seal


C) Seal Face Materials
 resistance to corrosion
 resistance to wear
 geometrical stableness
 thermal conductivity
 emergency running capability
 price competitiveness

D) Secondary Sealing Elements


 Enveloped rings
 Rubber cups
Materials of sealing elements:
Elastomers:
 E = Ethylen-Propylen-Dien rubber, EPDM
 P = Nitril Butadien rubber( Perbunan )
 V = Fluor-rubber, FPM, (Viton )
 K = Perfluor-rubber, (. Kalrez, Chemraz )
Elastomers wrapped ( enveloped ):
 M1 = TTV, Viton double PTFE enveloped
 M2 = TTE, EPDM, double PTFE
enveloped
Non-Elastomers:
 G = Statotherm, pure graphite
 T = PTFE (Polytetrafluorethylen)
 Y1 = Burasil, gasket asbestos free

E) Types of Springs
 Helical Springs
 Wave Springs

 Metal Bellows
3. FUNCTION OF A SEAL
A) Features of Seal faces
 Static closing force
 Hydraulic closing force

Spring Media

Shaft
B) Media as a Lubricant and Coolant
Lubrication
Media

Shaft Cooling
C) Acceptable Minimal Leakage

Shaft Leakage
4. TYPES OF SEAL
A) Balance Ratio of Seal

1. Unbalanced Seals 2. Balanced Seals


• k >1 = unbalanced seal • k <1 = unbalanced seal
• used in the standard pressure • used in the high pressure
range range and for sensitive media
B) Heat developement of a Seal

Heat dissipation

Face Friction
C) Gap Deformations
Deformation due to pressure, temperature, shrink forces etc.

parallel V - gap A - gap


gap

Increased Thermal Overheating


Destruction of the
Leakage
faces
D) Leakage of Mechanical Seal
Leakage is necessary for proper seal operation.
Parameters effecting the leakage:
 finish of the sliding faces
 running in process
 flatness of the faces
 face deflections caused by thermal and
pressure loads
 conditions of the secondary seals
 vibrations and stability of the maschine
 operation mode of the plant
 characteristics of the sealed fluids
 accuracy of the seal mounting and assembly
 condition of the equipment
5. SEAL ARRAGNMENT
A. Externally Pressurized

Internally mounted = mounted inside the stuffingbox


• springs in product contact
• springs without product contact
B. Externally Stationary seals

• springswith product contact


• springs without product contact
C. Multiple Seals
1) Double acting seal arrangements
» Multiple seal
» Faces barrierfluid lubricated
» Back to back or face to face
» Pressurized barrierfluid ( P1 + 2..3 bar
resp. No product leakage
» For aggressive media
» For solid loaded media
» For polimerising, sticky media
» Environmental safe operation
» p.+10% over P1)

Product Atmosphere
2) Tandem arrangements
» Multiple seal
» Function as single seal with safety seal
» Quenchmedia pressureless ( standard )
» Surveyance possibility of seal
» Leakage control and drain

Product Quenchmedia
6. OPERATION TYPES OF MECHANICAL SEALS
A. Operation I Flush
» Operation with product circulation = flush
» Flushing into the stuffingbox from
discharge external source to the seal face
Flushing:
» Increase of pressure in the stuffingbox
» Temperature reduction
1 2
» Avoiding of deposits
B. Operation II Quench
Operation with an external quench
with different medias liquid steam gas
» Collection of leakage
» Prevent air contact
» Cooling / heating
» Additional lubrication
» Prevent icing
» Leakage Control
» Vacuum operation
1) Packing

2) Throttlebusch
3) Packing

4) Mechanical Seal
7. SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR MECHANICAL SEALS
Tasks of a supply system
 Supply of the buffer pressure
 Dissipate the heat
 Compensate leakage losses
 Circulate the bufferfluid
 Filter the bufferfluid if required
A. Basic Types of Supply System
(Open System)

Seal Tank
drucklos
B. Basic Types of Supply System
(Closed System)

Seal
7. FAILURES OF MECHANICAL SEALS
A) What is a seal failure
 The mechanical seal is a wear part !
 A seal failure can be considered if the seal show an unsatisfactory
operation much earlier than it could be expected compared to the seal
normal life expectancy.

B) Leakage Parameters
 Sealface surfaces , finish of the faces
 Running in process
 Planity of the faces
 Pressure and Temperature deformations of the faces
 Vibrations and Stability of the maschine
 Mode of operation of the plant
 Characteristics of the media
 Conditions of the secondary sealing elements
 Assembly and Mounting
 Condition of the equipment
C) Reasons for The Failure of a Mechanical Seal
1) Physical Reasons
Mechanical
 Pressurefluctuations , boosts
 Vibrations
 Solids in the media
# Destruction of the faces
# Blocking of the seal
# Erosion
 Wrong seal selection
Mechanical
 Heat expansion , deformation
 Thermal overloading of sealparts,
Elastomers, Bellows
 Heat expansion , deformation
 Wrong temperature for seal selection
2) Chemical Reasons
Chemical attack of the media to various seal parts
 Metallparts:
selective
corrosion >> seal faces
gap corrosion
>> gaps , shrink fits
stress corrosion
>> springs
Surface
corrosion
Intercristalline
corrosion
 Secondary Seals:
Swelling of
Elastomers
embrittlement of
O-rings
D) Examples of seal failures
1) Intercrystline Corrosion

2) Heatcracks in tungstencarbide face


4) Spring Damage by Vibration

5) Permanent O-ring Deformation

original cross section


6) Permanent O-ring Deformation

7) Extruded O - ring
7. REPAIR OF MECHANICAL SEALS
In general mechanical seal asa precision product should be
maintained and repaired be the manufacturer
Repair Work:
 Replace or recondition sealfaces
 O-rings, springs,small parts
 Drivelocks
 Surface coatings (Shaftsleeves)
 Housing parts
 Shrink fits
 Optimal assembly
 Pressuretest, (if possible, Cartridge seal with housing)
7. SAFE OPERATION REQUİREMENTS
 Correct assembly
(Installation dimensions, tolerances etc. )
 Sufficient sealfacelubrication
(lubricity of the product, vapourization in the sealgap)
 Auxilliaries
(bufferfluidsupply , checking the systems )
 Start up
(filling of the pump, venting etc.)

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