Philippine Politics &

Governance
GRADE 12 HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
(HUMSS)
MARYKNOLL ACADEMY OF CATEEL
MR. JAY L. INOB
 LESSON
1
The Concept of
Politics,
Government and
LESSON OBJECTIVES:

a.) discuss the concept of politics;

b.) explain the concept of
governance; and
c.) identify the different forms of
government.
 What is Politics?
It is the process by which groups of people make
collective decisions. It is a multifaceted concept
involving the negotiation, debate, and implementation
of policies and laws that govern a society.

It is about who gets what, when, and how within a

society. It encompasses the dynamics of power,
governance, and the distribution of resources and
opportunities.
We can better understand politics by
differentiating between a narrow
conception of politics and a broad
interpretation of politics.
 A narrow interpretation of politics
identifies politics as where politics
happens, that is the venue. This is
labeled as arena.
 On the other hand, a broad
interpretation of politics considers how
Key Components of Politics

1. Government and Institution

The structures and organizations through which
political power is exercised, such as
parliaments, presidents, prime ministers, and
courts.
 2. Power and Authority
The ability of individuals or groups to influence
or control the actions, beliefs, or conduct of
others. Authority refers to the recognized
and legitimate right to make decisions and
enforce rules.
 3. Public Policy

The decisions and actions taken by government

officials to address public issues. This includes
legislation, regulations, and other formal measures.
 4. Political Behavior

The actions of individuals and groups in a

political context, including voting, activism,
lobbying, and other forms of participation.
 5. Political Ideologies

Systems of belief about politics and

government which guide the behavior and
policies of political actors. Examples include
liberalism, conservatism, socialism, and
nationalism.
6. Conflict and Cooperation

This involves managing and resolving

conflicts between different groups with
competing interests and values, as well as
fostering cooperation for mutual benefit.
 7. Democracy and
Representation
Many political systems are based on
democratic principles, where citizens have
the power to elect representatives who
make decisions on their behalf.
 Political Science
Branch of social science that
deals with the study of politics.
The person who studies
political science is referred to
as political scientist.
 Branches of Political Sciences
Comparative Public
Political Theory Politics Administration
Study of the ideas and Compares and Study of the implementation
contribution of thinkers analyzes the various of government policy and
types of public services
constitutions,
political actors,
International legislature and Public Political
associated fields
Relation Public Law Methodology
Deals with the political- Studies the The use of quantitative
economic interactions as well relationship between methods to describe and
as intergovernmental and the government and define political phenomena
transnational organization citizen
What is Governance?
 Governance refers to the processes,
systems, and practices through which an
organization, society, or country is directed,
controlled, and held accountable.
It encompasses the mechanisms by which
power and authority are exercised, decisions
are made, and policies are implemented.
 ASPECTS OF GOVERNANCE
Decision-Making
Participation
Process
Efficiency and
Accountability
Effectiveness
Transparency Equity and Equality

Rule of Law Inclusiveness

 TYPES OF GOVERNANCE
Corporate Governance refers to the systems and
processes by which corporations are directed and
controlled. It includes the relationships between the
company's management, its board, shareholders, and
other stakeholders.
Public Governance involves the management of public
resources and affairs by government institutions. It includes
national, regional, and local levels of government and their
interaction with citizens and other entities.
Global Governance refers to the cooperation and
regulation among international organizations, states,
and other global actors to address global issues that
transcend national boundaries, such as climate
change, international trade, and security.
Non-Profit Governance pertains to the way non-
profit organizations are governed, including how
decisions are made, how accountability is maintained,
and how the organization's mission is achieved.
 PRINCIPLES OF GOOD
GOVERNANCE
Participation Rule of Law Transparency
Involvement of Adherence to legal Clear and open decision-
stakeholders in the frameworks and making processes
governance process.
Consensus-
justice. Equality and
Responsiveness Oriented Inclusiveness
Institutions and processes Mediation of different Ensuring all groups
serve all stakeholders. interests to reach have opportunities to
broad agreement. improve or maintain
Effectiveness and their well-being.
Efficiency Accountability
Making the best use of Decision-makers are accountable
resources to meet needs. to the public and stakeholders.
The Concept
of
Government
A Closer Look at Its
Meaning, Branches and
Forms
A Government is…
the system or group of people governing an
organized community, generally a state. In
case of its broad associative definition,
government normally consists of legislature,
executive, and judiciary.
Branches of the Philippine Government
Executive Branch
“the law-enforcing and
implementing body”
This branch is headed by the
President who is in-charge
with execution and
administering the country's
laws. The president has
many powers like appointing
cabinet officials, negotiating
treaties, declaring martial
Branches of the Philippine Government
Legislative Branch
“the law-making body”
This branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them
through the power vested in the Philippine Congress. This
institution is divided into the Senate and the House of
Representatives.
Branches of the Philippine Government
Judicial Branch
“the law-interpreting body”
This branch has the duty
to settle actual
controversies involving
rights that are legally
demandable and
enforceable and to
determine if any branch or
instrumentality of
government has acted
with grave abuse of
The Common Forms/Types of
Government
 A Closer Look:
Forms/Types of Government

Democracy Communism Socialism

A form of government A political and A political and
in which power is economic ideology economic system in
vested in the hands of advocating for a which the means of
the people. Its types classless society in production,
includes direct which all property and distribution, and
democracy, resources are exchange are owned
representative communally owned, or regulated by the
democracy, eliminating private community as a whole,
presidential ownership. typically through the
 A Closer Look:
Forms/Types of Government

Oligarchy Aristocracy Monarchy

A form of government A form of government A form of government
in which power is held or social order where where a single
by a small group of power is held by a individual, usually a
people, often privileged class known king or queen, rules
distinguished by as aristocrats or the state. The position
wealth, family ties, nobility, often based on is often hereditary.
corporate, or military birth, wealth, and social
control. status
 A Closer Look:
Forms/Types of Government

Theocracy Colonialism Totalitarianism

A form of government A practice or policy of A political system in
in which religious acquiring full or partial which the state holds
leaders or institutions political control over total authority over
hold the primary another country, society and seeks to
power, and the state's occupying it with control all aspects of
legal system is based settlers, and exploiting public and private life.
on religious law. it economically.
 A Closer Look:
Forms/Types of Government

Military Dictatorship
A form of government in which political power is
concentrated in the hands of the military. This type
of regime is typically established through a coup
d'état, where the military overthrows the existing
government. Military dictatorships often rule with
authoritarian principles, with little regard for
 Thank You!

Do you have any questions?

GRADE 12 HUMSSJAY LATIBAN INOB MARYKNOLL ACADEMY OF

CATEEL