Data Transmission
Modes
Data Transmission Modes
Data transmission refers to the movement of
data in form of bits between two or more
digital devices.
Data Bus
• A data bus is a computer subsystem that allows for the
transferring of data from one component to another on a
motherboard or system board, or between two computers.
• This can include transferring data to and from the memory, or from
the central processing unit (CPU) to other components.
Transmission Modes
Transmission modes can be divided into two fundamental
categories:
Serial — one bit is sent at a time
Parallel — multiple bits are sent at the same time
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A conversion process in which the stream
of data elements received all at once is
converted and sent as a stream of data at
one bit at a time.
Parallel transmission
• all the bits of data are transmitted
simultaneously on separate
communication lines.
• Send data n bits at a time instead of 1.
This is called parallel transmission.
• Use n wires to send n bits at one time.
Advantage & Disadvantage
Advantage :
It is speedy way of transmitting data as multiple
bits are transmitted simultaneously with a single
clock pulse.
Disadvantage:
It is costly method of data transmission as it
requires n lines to transmit n bits at the same
time.
Serial Transmission
• Data is transmitted as a single bit at a time
using a fixed time interval for each bit.
• Serial transmission sends one bit at a time.
Advantage & Disadvantage
Advantage
Use of single communication line reduces the
transmission line cost by the factor of n as
compared to parallel transmission.
Disadvantages
1. Use of conversion devices at source and
destination end may lead to increase in overall
transmission cost.
2. This method is slower as compared to parallel
transmission as bits are transmitted serially one
after the other.
Serial transmission occurs in
one of three ways:
1. asynchronous,
2. synchronous, and
3. isochronous.
Asynchronous Transmission
• data is sent in form of byte or character.
• This transmission is the half duplex type transmission.
• In this transmission start bits and stop bits are added
with data.
In asynchronous transmission, we send 1
start bit (0) at the beginning and 1 or
more stop bits (1s) at the end of each
byte. There may be a gap between bytes.
Advantages of Asynchronous Transmission
• This is a highly flexible method of data transmission.
• Synchronization between the receiver and transmitter is
unnecessary.
• It helps you to transdifferent bit ratesmit signals from
the sources which have.
• The Transmission can resume as soon as the data byte
transmission is available.
• This mode of Transmission is easy for implementation.
Disadvantages of ASynchronous Transmission
• In Asynchronous Transmission, additional bits
called start and stop bits are required to be used.
• The timing error may take place as it is difficult to
determine synchronicity.
• It has a slower transmission rate.
• May create false recognition of these bits because
of noise on the channel.
Synchronous Transmission
• send bits one after another without
start or stop bits or gaps.
• It is the responsibility of the receiver to
group the bits.
• the bit stream is combined into longer
“frames,” which may contain multiple
bytes.
Advantages of Synchronous Transmission
• It helps you to transfer a large amount of
data.
• It offers real-time communication
between connected devices.
• Each byte is transmitted without a gap
between the next byte.
• It also reduces time timing errors.
Disadvantages of Synchronous
Transmission
• The accuracy of the received data depends on the
receiver's ability to count the received bits
accurately.
• The transmitter and receiver need to operate
simultaneously with the same clock frequency.
Isochronous
data transfer system combines the features of an
asynchronous and synchronous data transfer system.
The isochronous transmission guarantees that the data
arrive at a fixed rate.
