1. How to add rational equations?

2. How to subtract rational equations?

3. What are the difference of rational equation,

rational functions and rational inequality?
Rational function vs rational equation vs
vs rational inequality
 Solve Rational Equation
Steps in Solving Rational Equations:
Example 1:
 Solve Rational Equation
Step 1: Step 1: Multiply both sides of the equation by the least
common multiple of the denominators.

In this case, the LCM of 3, 5, and 6 is 30.

Solve Rational Equation
Step 1: Step 1: Multiply both sides of the equation by the least
common multiple of the denominators.

In this case, the LCM of 3, 5, and 6 is 30.

30(
Solve Rational Equation
• Step 2: Simplify and solve familiar equation.
30( 1 1
(26 𝑥)=( 17)
26 26
60 𝑥 30 𝑥 −60 30
+ = 26 𝑥 17
3 5 6 =
2 0 𝑥+ 6 𝑥 −12=5 26 26
17
26 𝑥 =5 +12 𝑥=
26
26 𝑥 =17
 17 17 − 52 35
• Step 3: Verify solution. 26
− 2=
26
=−
26
( 34 1 34 17
∗ = =
26 3 78 39
( −
35 1
∗ =−
35
=−
7
26 5 130 26

( (

( (
1 1
( 6
=(
6
)
Solve Rational Equation
Example 2:

3𝑥 𝑥 +1 1
+ =
5 3 3
Activity __
Solve Rational Equation
3𝑥 2𝑥−3 1
+ =
5 6 5
Solve Rational Inequality
Example 2:

(
 Solve Rational Inequality
Step 1: Write the inequality as one quotient on the left and zero on
the right.
Note: Remember that one side must be zero and the other side
is always a single fraction
Step 2. Set the numerator and denominator equal to zero then
solve. The values you get are called critical values
Step 3: Plot the critical values on the number line
Step 4: Substitute the critical values to the inequality to determine
the endpoints of the intervals in the solution should be included or
not
Step 5: Select test values in each interval and substitute those into
the inequality
Solve Rational Inequality
Step 1: Write the inequality as one quotient on the left
and zero on the right.

(
Solve Rational Inequality
• Step 2. Determine the critical points—the points where the
rational expression will be zero or undefined.

(
The rational expression will be zero when the numerator is zero.
Since x−1=0 when x=1, then 1 is a critical point.
The rational expression will be undefined when the
denominator is zero. Since x+3=0 when x=−3, then -3 is a critical
point.
The critical points are 1 and -3.
Solve Rational Inequality
•Step 3. Use the critical points to divide the number line into intervals.

The number line is divided into three intervals :

(−∞,−3)(−3,1)(1,∞)
Solve Rational Inequality
Step 4. Test a value in each interval. Above the number line
show the sign of each factor of the rational expression in each
interval. Below the number line show the sign of the quotient.
Solve Rational Inequality
Test of points:
a. Test x=−4 in the expression in the numerator and the denominator.

(
Solve Rational Inequality
Test of points:
a. Test x=−3 in the expression in the numerator and the denominator.

(
Solve Rational Inequality
Test of points:
a. Test x=−-1 in the expression in the numerator and the denominator.

(
Solve Rational Inequality
Test of points:
a. Test x=2 in the expression in the numerator and the denominator.

(
Solve Rational Inequality
Test of points:
a. Test x=1 in the expression in the numerator and the denominator.

(
The solution in interval
notation is (−∞,
−3)∪[1,∞)
Solve Rational Inequality
Test of points:
a. Test x=1 in the expression in the numerator and the denominator.

(
The solution in interval
notation is (−∞,
−3)∪[1,∞)
 Rational Functions
(Intercept, Zero,
Asymptote, Domain and
Range )
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:

1. determines the: (a) intercepts; (b) zeroes; and (c)

asymptotes of rational functions
2. solves problems involving rational functions,
equations, and inequalities.
Rational Functions

A rational function is a quotient of

polynomials. That is, if p(x) and q(x) are

numerator is p(x) and the 𝑞(𝑥) denominator

polynomials, thenis a rational function. The

is q(x), such that q(x)≠0.

A. INTERCEPTS AND ZEROES OF RATIONAL
FUNCTIONS
The intercepts of the graph of a rational function
are the points of intersection of its graph and an
axis.

y-intercept x-intercept
 INTERCEPTS AND ZEROES OF
RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
The y-intercept of the graph of a rational function r(x)
if it exists, occurs at r(0), provided that r(x) is defined
at x = 0. To find y-intercept simply evaluate the
function at x = 0.
The x-intercept of the graph of a rational function r(x),
if it exists, occurs at the zeros of the numerator that
are not zeros of the denominators. To find x –
intercept equate the function to 0.
 B. ZEROES OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

The zeroes of a function are

the values of x which make
the function zero. The
numbered zeroes are also x-
intercepts of the graph of
the function.
x+1 x+1
 x+1 x+1

( 𝑥 +1) (3 − 𝑥)
= 0( 𝑥+ 1)
𝑥+ 1

1 (3 − 𝑥 )= 0
3 − 𝑥= 0
− 3 +3 − 𝑥= 0 − 3
− 𝑥 =− 3
(− 1) − 𝑥=− 3 (− 1)
𝑥 =3
Activity __
Solve for the x and y intercept and zeroes of a
rational functions
x-intercept (0,0)
1.
y-intercept (0,0)

x-intercept
2.
y-intercept
( 𝑥 − 2)( 𝑥 −1) ( 𝑥 −1)
𝑓 (𝑥 )=
( 𝑥 −2)( 𝑥+ 2) ( 𝑥 +2)
( 𝑥 − 1) ( 𝑥 − 1)
0=
( 𝑥 +2 ) ( 𝑥+2)
( 0 − 1)
( 0 +2Y-intercept
−1
) is (0,) ¿
0= 𝑥 − 1 is (1,0)
x-intercept
0= 𝑥 − 1
2 0 +1= 𝑥
1= 𝑥
 B. ZEROES OF RATIONAL FUNCTIONS

The zeroes of a function are

the values of x which make
the function zero. The
numbered zeroes are also x-
intercepts of the graph of
the function.
C. ASYMPTOTE RATIONAL FUNCTIONS
C. Domain and Range of Rational Functions
The domain of a function f(x) is the set
of all values for which the function is
defined, and the range of the function is
the set of all values that f takes.
C. Domain and Range of Rational Functions
Domain and range can be expressed
using
A. Set Builder Notation
D={x I x are set of real numbers except 5}
R={y I y are set of real numbers except 2}
B. Interval Notation
D=(-
R=(-
 (2 𝑥 + 1)( 𝑥 − 1)
( 𝑥 − 3 )( 𝑥 − 3 )
( 𝑥 − 3 ) ( 𝑥 − 3 ) =0
( 𝑥 −3 ( 𝑥
)=− 03 )= 0
x x

The vertical asymptote is x

Solution:

a. y=0
b. Y=8/1=8

c. No horizontal asymptote
C. Domain and Range of Rational Functions
The domain of a function f(x) is the set
of all values for which the function is
defined, and the range of the function is
the set of all values that f takes.
C. Domain and Range of Rational Functions
Domain and range can be expressed
using
A. Set Builder Notation
D={x I x are set of real numbers except 5}
R={y I y are set of real numbers except 2}
B. Interval Notation
D=(-
R=(-