8.
TRIANGLES
Class : 9
Module: 2
Median of Triangle
•A median connects a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side.
•Every triangle has three medians — one from each vertex.
Properties
1.Intersection Point: All three medians meet at a point called
the centroid.
2.Centroid Division Rule: The centroid divides each median in
the ratio 2 : 1
1. The longer part is between the vertex and the centroid.
2. The shorter part is between the centroid and the midpoint
of the base.
3.Medians can be inside any triangle (acute, obtuse, or right).
Altitude of triangle
•An altitude is also called the height of a triangle.
•The opposite side where the altitude meets is called the base
•Every triangle has three altitudes, one from each vertex.
•Altitudes may lie:
•Inside the triangle (acute triangle)
•Outside the triangle (obtuse triangle)
•On the side itself (right triangle — the legs act as
altitudes).
•The altitudes intersect at a point called the orthocenter.
Isosceles Triangle
•A triangle with two sides of equal length.
•The angles opposite the equal sides are also equal.
•Two equal sides (called legs).
•Base: The side that is not equal to the legs.
•Two equal base angles.
•The vertex angle is opposite the base.
Module : 2
Learning Objectives
Congruence criterion in triangles
Application of congruence criterion
Congruence triangles:
Two triangles are congruent if they cover each other completely
when superimposed.
Here, ABC ≅ PQR, i.e., when superimposed, A falls on P, B falls
on Q, C falls on R , AB falls on PQ, BC falls on QR and CA falls on
RP..
This relationship between the parts of two triangles is
known as correspondence and it is denoted by ‘ ‘.
Corresponding parts chart for ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅
and
A P
B C Q R
Corresponding Corresponding sides Corresponding angles Corresponding triangles
vertices
A P AB PQ A P ∆ ABC ∆ PQR or
∆ ∆
B Q BC QR B Q
∆ BAC ∆ QPR or
C R CA RP C R ACB PRQ
Criteria for correspondence of
triangles:
We judge the congruence of two triangles with the help of certain
congruence criterion namely SSS, SAS, ASA, RHA and AAS.
SSS congruence criterion.
SSS stands for Side, Side, Side. SSS congruence criterion states
that if three sides of a triangle are equal to the three corresponding
sides of another triangle, then the two triangles are congruent.
Ex: Check whether
A P
9c 9c
m m
7c
7c
m
m
B C Q 8c R
8c
m m
In
AB = PQ = 7 cm
BC = QR = 8cm
CA = RP = 9 cm
∴ ( By SSS Congruence)
SAS congruence
criterion.
SAS stands for side, included Angle, side. SAS congruent
criterion states that if two sides and the included angle of a
triangle are equal to the corresponding two sides and the
included angle of another triangle, then the two triangles
are congruent.
Ex: Check whether
A P
9c 9c
m m
35° ) 35°
)
B C Q 8c R
8c
m m
In
BC = QR = 8cm
350
CA = RP = 9 cm
∴ ( By SAS Congruence)
ASA congruence criterion.
ASA stands for Angle, included Side, Angle. ASA congruent
criterion states that if two angles and the side included
between those angle of a triangle are equal to
corresponding two angles and the included side of another
triangle, then the two triangle are congruent.
Ex: Check whether
A P
) 75° 35° ) ) 75° 35° )
B C Q 8c R
8c
m m
In
50
BC = QR = 8cm
350
∴ ( By ASA Congruence)
RHS congruence criterion:
RHS stands for Right angle, Hypotenuse, Side. RHS congruent criterion
states that if he the hypotenuse and any side ( base or perpendicular)
of a right triangle are equal to the corresponding hypotenuse and side
of the another right angle triangle, then the two right triangles are
congruent.
Ex: Check whether
A P
10cm 10cm
B 8c C Q 8c R
m m
In
900
CA = RP = 10 cm
BC = QR = 8cm
∴ ( By RHS Congruence)
AAS Congruence Criterion:
Whenever two angles and one side of one triangle are equal to the
corresponding two angles and one side of another triangle , we can find
the third angle and convert the condition to ‘ two angles and the
included side’ form of congruence and apply the ASA congruence rule.
Ex: Prove that : (i)
(ii) AB = PQ
A P
9 cm 9 cm
) 75° 35° ) ) 75° 35° )
B C Q R
(i) In
50
350
∴ ( By AAS Congruence)
AC = PR = 9 cm
(ii) AB = PQ ( By CPCT) [CPCT --Corresponding Parts of Congruent
Triangles]
